tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-74270553863199375512024-02-20T02:53:39.201-08:00Book reviewsapbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.comBlogger203125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-59634398068103178472020-08-27T01:47:00.001-07:002020-08-27T01:47:06.094-07:00The Use of Sweetners and the Rise in Obesity EssayThe Use of Sweetners and the Rise in Obesity - Essay Example Sugars got acquainted with assistance decrease peopleââ¬â¢s admission of sugar. A sugar can be best portrayed as issue used to improve a beverage or food. This is for the most part instead of sugar. They got grouped into two fundamental classes: the nutritive sugars. These are the sugars that get processed in the body just somewhat; they got known to give food vitality incentive to the body. For instance, glucose, nectar, maltose and modify sugar. The other class of sugars is the nonnutritive sugars (Mendosa et al, 2008). These don't get processed as on account of the nutritive sugars. It is a result of this that they get said to contain an immaterial measure of food vitality esteem. Models incorporate cyclamates, sucralose and stevia. One of the sugars utilized instead of the sugar is Stevia. This is a characteristic nonnutritive sugar. It gets got from the leaves of the Bertoni plant which normally happens in the timberlands of southern America. Its name got given after the botanist wayfarer who found it in 1908. He was an Italian by the name Dr. Moises Santiago Bertoni. This plant had been in presence for a few years. The local populace knew and named it as kaa he-he, which implied nectar leaf (Etkins, 1997). They utilized its leaves to enhance the flavor of their unpleasant tea; they just as bit on the leaves for their sweet taste or in clinical elixirs. It was after Dr. Bertoniââ¬â¢s disclosure that such a mostly secret and uncommon plant turned out to be notable and celebrated. His disclosure empowered the plant to be gotten to by numerous individuals other than just the individuals who approached its normally happening natural surroundings. These being the local Indians who initially involved the land before the pilgrims came. In 1908, the main dried leaves of the plant got reaped and delivered as a sugar. It was not until 10 years after the fact that the plant got brought to the consideration of the United States government apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-53217945606216109902020-08-22T10:14:00.001-07:002020-08-22T10:14:34.050-07:001.Was the British Empire a force for good Essay1.Was the British Empire a power for good - Essay Example wistfulness for a progressively cultivated and amiable Greater Britain through TV programs, for example, This Sceptred Isle and Empireââ¬â¢s Children, while print pundits straightforwardly denounce it as a blood-recolored absolutism (Brendon, 2007). Student of history Lawrence James contends, ââ¬Ëploughing a recognizable furrow,ââ¬â¢ yet we ought to consistently be glad for the Empire that set up dependability, progress, and helpful organizations in states. In this examination paper, I attempted to characterize British Empireââ¬â¢s job as fortunate or unfortunate and reason that it was neither acceptable nor awful, however convoluted. One must contend that why there is discussion about it. For the most part, huge scope of British Empire and its enduring effect embodies a period wherein the entirety of the non-Europeans were commanded by Europeans. Another explanation behind contention about Empire is its limitlessness that opposes straightforward rundown, and hence, viewpoints on it additionally fluctuate ridiculously. It is feasible for Empireââ¬â¢s admirers or rivals to pick a few models so as to demonstrate that British guideline, overall, was fortunate or unfortunate, and its heritages as helpful or evil. Some affirm that it was a motor of modernization, while others accept that it was a vehicle of abuse (Jackson, 2013, p.4). As decolonization of European Empires encouraged during the 1960s, Jean-Paul Sartre composed that, ââ¬Å"â⬠¦It was only a belief system of falsehoods, an ideal legitimization for loot; its sugary words, its friendship of reasonableness were just justifications for our aggressionsà ¢â¬ (refered to in Jackson, 2013, p.4) while Niall Ferguson contends that British Empire was superior to different domains from a similar period. The record of British Empire isn't clean using any and all means, yet it gave us worldwide exchange and the standard of law (refered to in Jackson, 2013, p.4). With an end goal to investigate Empireââ¬â¢s credits, one may prompt the possibility that British Empire was a liberal domain. It was set up on the principals traditionally articulated by Edmund Burke, who stated that provincial government was a apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-21166945940492937752020-08-21T07:56:00.001-07:002020-08-21T07:56:07.016-07:00Comparison and Contrast Essay SamplesComparison and Contrast Essay SamplesThere are many different types of essays for college. Some examples are comparison and contrast essays, essay critiques, comparison essays, essay topics, and essay critiques. The topics vary and the forms of these essays are also different. A student may have to write an essay on one type of essay only, or may need to write a variety of them.There are also differences in the way that a student may need to format their essays. One may be to format the essay for analysis, while another may be for debate. Most college writing classes cover writing for both types of essay but they do not specialize in either. This is because there are so many styles and ways to write an essay. Each person who is writing must do what is best for them.Students who need to write a comparison and contrast essays may find the comparison and contrast essay samples easier than the regular style. This is because comparison and contrast essays have very little differences in t hem. Students can keep the same form and format as the regular type of essay they would normally write. This makes it easy for students to get started in this style. These examples allow a student to get familiar with this style without giving up too much of their own style.Many students will find that these essay samples are easiest to get started with. They do not need to worry about making a big change in how they write. This style is usually a simpler one than the regular style, because the topic of the essay can be kept the same. There are some key differences between these two formats, however.In the comparison and contrast format, the essay will be completely made out of your own opinion. The only thing that will change is the style of the writing. The opinions are not too important because they are already yours and cannotbe changed.In the regular style of essay, there are three main differences between the two styles. The first one is the topic. For the essay samples you wi ll write for comparison and contrast, the topic is more important. If you do not have a good topic, this style is not for you.The second difference is the form of the writing. The regular style of the essay is written in a straight forward way, which means that all the ideas are in the same place. There is no room for opinion. Students who need to do this style will be limited in what they can write.The last difference between comparison and contrast essay samples is the material that is used. The material that is used in comparison and contrast essays is sometimes of a more creative nature. It is meant to be based on facts rather than just something a student wants to write about. The material that is used in a regular type of essay is meant to be a personal opinion. This type of essay is more difficult to write. apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-56888769777456307722020-05-25T03:57:00.001-07:002020-05-25T03:57:02.664-07:00The Definition of Atomic Mass or Weight in Chemistryapbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-78972908775425604512020-05-14T10:51:00.001-07:002020-05-14T10:51:02.920-07:00Lord Of The Flies Rhetorical Analysis - 1142 Words ââ¬Å"There is a way that seemeth right unto man, but the end thereof are the ways of death.â⬠(The Bible, Prov. 16:25). Thoughts that come to men stem from their participation in society or their natural state of good and evil. However, societyââ¬â¢s morals mask the natural manââ¬âwho is more vulnerable to natural evil than good. Because of this, every man is susceptible to ignorance and savagery. William Golding exemplifies this idea in his novel Lord of the Flies. When a group of military boys find themselves stranded on a deserted island, their ignorance soon leads to the inevitable savagery present in the end of the novel. The maturation process of Ralph illustrates the fight between manââ¬â¢s tendencies of natural evil and natural good when moralsâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦At the time, Ralph heavily influences the boys and their actions for he resembles ââ¬Å"the men with the megaphonesâ⬠(18). He attempts to create order among the boys with rules, but most of the boys would rather play than follow the rulesââ¬âfor there are no adults to enforce them. With the role of leadership thrust upon him, Ralph has no choice but to stop playing games. His goals are to protect the boys and increase their chances of being rescued; however, the responsibility on Ralphââ¬â¢s shoulders soon begins to weigh him down. As ââ¬Å"Ralph [watches the boys], envious and resentfulâ⬠(75), the obligation to care for everyone on the island is a heavy burden to bear. His role as leader has forced Ralph to forget the joys of being an innocent kid and given him the encumbrance of responsibility, which causes the start of his maturation. As the order on the island begins to break down, Ralph tightly holds onto the idea of rescue. On the island, every responsibility is on his shoulders and will be until they leave. As he ponders his feelings, ââ¬Å"he [loses] himself in a maze of thoughts that were rendered vague by his lack of words to express themâ⬠(76). Daydreaming about home expresses his longing for civilized life and comfort; remaining in a state of innocence. However, he has matured a great deal since the beginning of the novel. As the leader, Ralph is held accountable for the group of boys. His recognition of this idea demonstrates his maturity, but also his longingShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies Rhetorical Analysis1214 Words à |à 5 PagesWilliam Goldingââ¬â¢s book Lord of the Flies focuses mainly on a group of boysââ¬â¢ who have been stranded on an uninhabited island where they face many problems with themselves and others. One of the many dilemmaââ¬â¢s within this story was the division of power between Ralph and Jack. They both had qualities of a leader, but they had different intentions with where they wanted to go; Jack was primarily the villain in this story showing savagery, while Ralph was civilized. So, why do the boysââ¬â¢ join someoneRead MoreMy First Day Of School917 Words à |à 4 Pagesmore academic tone by being able to identify most instances of colloquialism through past mistakes. Exemplary of my skills that I have gained above, several of my essays show the progression of my skills as I have written more. In my first Lord of the Flies essay, I used colloquial phrases such as, ââ¬Å"lo and behold,â⬠and informal verbs such as ââ¬Å"whisked.â⬠Despite that, I began to recognize phrases and signs of colloquialism in my own writing, and in my most recent essay, the documentary project, IRead MoreThe Freedom Writers And Romeo And Juliet905 Words à |à 4 Pageswhich was the Hunger Games and wrote an essay on. We read many short stories and even wrote one ourselves. For english we read Lord Of the Flies and Of Mice and Men among other books were we would always have an easy question followed by an essay. In both of these classes helped me develop structure called tieac which stands for topic, intro to evidence, evidence, analysis, and conclusion. Both my freshmen teachers helped me develop this structure for my essays. Our essays had to be typed in 12 inchRead MoreBiblical Allusions in Lord of the Flies2536 Words à |à 11 Pagesexpressed though disobeying my parents- In the end, I got burned. Similarly, in Sir William Goldingââ¬â¢s Lord of the Flies, biblical allusions are used to give additional meaning and depth to the book and to show the ways in which humans transfer their inner evil into outward behavior. Evil doesnââ¬â¢t begin from the outside world; instead it begins in the core of human beings. The novel Lord of the Flies shows the breakdown of society without authority, a code of conduct, and failure to maintain moralityRead MoreStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words à |à 31 Pages AP Literary and Rhetorical Terms 1. 2. alliteration- Used for poetic effect, a repetition of the initial sounds of several words in a group. The following line from Robert Frosts poem Acquainted with the Night provides us with an example of alliteration,: I have stood still and stopped the sound of feet. The repetition of the s sound creates a sense of quiet, reinforcing the meaning of the line 3. allegory ââ¬â Where every aspect of a story is representative, usually symbolicRead MoreThe Relationship Between Man and God Essay2522 Words à |à 11 Pagesspeaker in ââ¬Å"Carrion Comfortâ⬠appears to be further influenced by this era of struggle in Gerard Manley Hopkins life. In ââ¬Å"Carrion Comfort,â⬠the relationship between God and man appears to be primarily antagonistic. However, upon greater analysis of the imagery, rhetorical devices, and structure of the poem, an alternate interpretation is revealed. The speakerââ¬â¢s relationship with God is characterized by his recognition of Godââ¬â¢s superiority and omnipotence, and the resulting struggle toward understandingRead MoreAlexander Pope Essay6204 Words à |à 25 Pagesfirst version in 1712, when Pope was only 23 years old, the poem served to forge his reputation as a poet and remains his most frequently studied work. The inspiration for the poem was an actual incident among Popes acquaintances in which Robert, Lord Petre, cut off a lock of Arabella Fermors hair, and the young peoples families fell into strife as a result. John Caryll, another member of this same circle of prominent Roman Catholics, asked Pope to write a light poem that would put the episodeRead MoreBlack Beauty2282 Wo rds à |à 10 Pagesits publication. Black Beauty was distributed not only by booksellers, but also by campaigners for the animal rights. This novel served as an instrument in changing the attitude of the people towards horses and other domestic animals as well. Analysis Anna Sewell used Physiological Psychology approach in her novel Black Beauty. Physiological Psychology is the study of biological basis of behavior and mental processes. She specifically employed Ivan Pavlovââ¬â¢s Classical Conditioning and B.F. Skinnerââ¬â¢sRead MoreEssay Writing9260 Words à |à 38 Pagesopinion plays a significant role in the process. However, a certain objective standard needs to be maintained and, as in a persuasive essay, your assertions need to be proved. The formality of the review will be determined by how much of the essay is analysis, how much is summary, and how much is your reaction to the work you are reviewing. A more formal review will not only discuss the work on its own merits but also place it in context. Newspapers and popular magazines tend to review in terms of finance:Read MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words à |à 47 Pagespoetry? Good questions! This web page provides a quick overview of poetry analysis. Please note that this handout discusses the basics of poetry; there is much more to know about it than there is room to discuss here. Laurence Perrine s book LITERATURE: STRUCTURE, SOUND, AND SENSE can provide more detailed information about poetry analysis. Until you can get a copy of the book, I hope this page helps you begin your poetry analysis work. What is poetry ? Poetry goes beyond the rhyming of words. The apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-26051476743683472132020-05-06T15:06:00.001-07:002020-05-06T15:06:15.792-07:00Personal Statement On Massage Green Spa - 762 Words Three days before I voluntarily resigned my position from Massage Green Spa, there was an incident that took place, which resulted in my lack of trust from the organization. When I was working for Massage Green Spa, I usually was one of the therapists that close on Sunday nights. Forty-five minutes prior to closing, I did not have a massage scheduled, so I decided to clean the bathrooms in preparation for closing. Halfway through the cleaning, I was interrupted by the receptionist to notify me that we had a last minute walk-inn. I expressed my frustration that the client will only have time for twenty-five minutes and I am not prepared to massage someone after just handling cleaning chemicals. I stopped what I was doing and went up front to explain to the client that I cannot do a full body massage in twenty-five minutes. The male client express that he did not care and that he would leave a nasty yelp review. I took the client back to the massage room and told him to lay face down u nder the sheets. When I entered the room to start the massage, the man was laying naked face up on top of the sheets. As I was getting him covered with a blanket, I stressed to him that he needs to remain covered and draped. Once I started the session, he made an attempt to grab and touch me inappropriately. I told him that the session is now over; this behavior is not okay at this establishment. I left the room and stormed upfront to tell the receptionist what had just happened. I immediatelyShow MoreRelatedServices Marketing Integrating Customer Focus Across the Firm5578 Words à |à 23 Pagesrefrigerators, dishwashers and microwaves is an example of a(n) _______.à A.à Service B.à Experience C.à Attribute D.à Good E.à Benefit à Difficulty: Easy à 3.à (p.à 4)à When Heather goes to the local gym, she has a personal trainer who helps make sure she is using the equipment correctly. The personal trainer is an example of a(n):à A.à Service B.à Experience C.à Attribute D.à Good E.à Benefit à Difficulty: Easy à 4.à (p.à 4)à Many people when they go on vacation are choosing to leave their dogs in posh pet resortsRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management16994 Words à |à 68 Pagesindividualize their marketing efforts. As a result, producers do not need those functions formerly performed by the middlemen. Even consumers are willing to undertake some of the responsibilities of direct ordering, personal merchandising, and product use related services with little help from the producers. 7 Customer Relationship Management Another force driving the adoption of CRM has been the Total quality movement. When theRead MoreGoodlife Fitness Essay12449 Words à |à 50 PagesCanada | International | Ontario, Canada | Child-minding Services | 6 months ââ¬â 12 years | Infant ââ¬â 6 years | 2 years ââ¬â 11 years | Pool | Yes (11 locations) | Yes | Yes | Squash Courts | Yes | Yes | Yes | Fitness Classes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Personal Training | Yes | Yes | Yes | Basketball Courts | No | Yes | Yes | Sports Leagues | No | Leagues vary depending on location | Basketball and Volleyball leagues | 1-3: Current Customers Target Audiences The main target audience of GoodLifeRead MorePurpose of Evaluating Customer Service Policies26269 Words à |à 106 Pages(HK) Centre for Food Safety, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department ii Introduction to Hospitality Introduction A set of curriculum support package of tourism and hospitality learning and teaching materials is being developed by the Personal, Social and Humanities Education Section of Curriculum Development Institute, Education Bureau for the implementation of the senior secondary Tourism and Hospitality Studies curriculum in schools. The curriculum support package is comprised ofRead MorePurpose of Evaluating Customer Service Policies26276 Words à |à 106 PagesANTOR (HK) Centre for Food Safety, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department ii Introduction to Hospitality Introduction A set of curriculum support package of tourism and hospitality learning and teaching materials is being developed by the Personal, Social and Humanities Education Section of Curriculum Development Institute, Education Bureau for the implementation of the senior secondary Tourism and Hospitality Studies curriculum in schools. The curriculum support package is comprised of eightRead MoreHk Disney16299 Words à |à 66 Pagesrecommendations were formed based from the current 8Ps, secondary research materials and from the results of a UAI survey. In order to support the proposed service plan, this paper also includes investment plans, estimates of profitability (income statement) and an evaluation of results. II. Scope and Limitations In order to make this service marketing plan, the researchers conducted both primary and secondary research to gather relevant information. The secondary researchRead MoreCosmetic Industry Analysis28098 Words à |à 113 Pagescosmetic industry, since companies will put more effort and time in R D. They need to produce more product innovation which is different with their rivals so that they can attract more consumers. (http://www.firstresearch.com/Industry-Research/Personal-Care-Products Manufacturing.htm). The RD budget that spends by the major company in cosmetic industry ââ¬â Lââ¬â¢Oreal in 2006 had cost â⠬ 533 millions. Even other competitors such as Shiseido also spend â⠬119 millions during 2006. There isRead MoreLodging Inductry24737 Words à |à 99 Pagesindustries. The hospitality and travel industry combine to form the foundation for tourism. The Hong Kong airport alone will eventually be able to handle 87 million visitors per year. All will be traveling to and from Hong Kong for business and personal reasons that will involve many hospitality related businesses worldwide. Examples: hotels, restaurants, timeshare, casinos, airlines, cruise lines, car rental. Objective: 2. Define the role of marketing and discuss its core concepts. RecommendedRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words à |à 696 PagesMarketing Management, 14e (Kotler/Keller) Chapter 1 Defining Marketing for the 21st Century 1) Which of the following statements about marketing is true? A) It is of little importance when products are standardized. B) It can help create jobs in the economy by increasing demand for goods and services. C) It helps to build a loyal customer base but has no impact on a firms intangible assets. D) It is more important for bigger organizations than smaller ones. E) It is seldom used by nonprofit apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-69278618954235644372020-05-05T16:38:00.001-07:002020-05-05T16:38:09.812-07:00Prevention practices free essay sample The United States Centers for Disease Control estimates that each year one in twenty hospital patients will contract a Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI). When further examined, the number of infected patients is approximately 1. 7 million per year resulting in nearly 99,000 deaths (CDC, 2011). Due to numbers like this, healthcare organizations, professional associations, and patient advocacy groups have all launched initiatives showing a universal response to this national healthcare priority. Chief among these initiatives was the collaboration between The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and the Disease Society of America. The SHEA-IDSA joint publication on HAI prevention builds a professional foundation for healthcare facilities in the Unites States to mitigate the risk of HAI infected patients. The prevention strategies begin by identifying the most common HAIs, their causes, and detailing the both the human and financial costs associated with HAIs. Using this information, SHEA and ISDA created prevention strategies to combat each HAI. This essay will follow the SHEA-IDSA template by detailing information on the most common Healthcare Associated Infection and provide detailing prevention strategies. According to the United States Centers for Disease Control and the SHEA-IDSA report, the most common Healthcare Associated Infection are Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infections or CLABSI. With nearly 50% of all ICU patients requiring a central line, the amount of recorded CLABSI infections is extremely high. The research on CLABSI indicates the most common pathogens are Staphylococcus Aureus, Enterococci, and Candida. To better understand the nature of CLABSI incident and therefore employ prevention strategies one must understand the dynamic of a central line. The National Healthcare Safety Network defines a central line as ââ¬Å"a catheter whose tip terminated in a great vesselâ⬠(IHI, 2011). The catheter on a central line punctures the skin, which by default makes bacterial and fungal infections possible. Once the infection has entered the body it can spread to the blood stream. The infection can then cause hemodynamic changes possibly causing death of a patient. Proof of an infection is found in the recovery of a pathogen from a blood culture from a patient who had a central line. For declarative purposes, a pathogen not commonly present on the skin must only be found in one culture whereas a pathogen commonly found on the skin must be detected in two or more cultures. In order to be confirmed as a central line infection, the central line must have been installed a minimum of two days prior to the development of the infection and there must be no other apparent source of the infection. Regarding the cost of Healthcare Associated Infections; both are indicators of the enormity of the problem. As mentioned earlier the 2010 CDC report titled ââ¬Å"Preventing Healthcare-Associated Infectionsâ⬠stated 1. 7 million cases occur each year in the United States. According to the same report 99,000 cases result in death. The Institute for Healthcare Improvement estimates that of these 99,000 deaths, up to 4,000 are a direct result of bloodstream infections. The human cost dwarves the financial costs, which alone have a crippling effect on the healthcare industry. Reflecting on the Institute for Healthcare Improvement report, each CLABSI incident prolongs hospitalization on average of seven days. Each infection costs between $3,700 and $29,000. Having established the common CLABSI incidents, identifying the risk of infection, and examining the cost, it is time to move into prevention strategies. The Institute for Healthcare improvement established the industry standard for central line infection strategies in what are known as Care Bundles. ââ¬Å"The IHI ââ¬Å"Central Line Bundle is a group of evidence-based interventions for patients with intravascular central catheters that, when implemented together, result in better outcomes than when implemented individually. The five components of the bundle are proper hand hygiene, maximum barrier precautions, chlorhexidine skin antisepsis, optimal catheter site selection, and daily review of line necessity. The most basic step in CLABSI prevention is hand washing. (IHI, 4/23/2011) The IHI guidelines specify that healthcare professionals need to wash hands before and after catheter care, when dressings are changed, and the central lines are accessed. Furthermore patients should be taught when and how to properly wash hands. This education extends to family members ofà the patients. Along with basic hygiene, patients should also be taught to avoid handling or manipulating central lines. Emphasis on sterility and hygiene are reinforced in the second IHI guideline known as Maximum Barrier Precautions. The medical stuff is required to wear caps, masks, sterile gowns, and sterile glove when central lines are inserted. The patient must also be covered head to toe with a sterile drape except for a small opening at the catheter insertion site. (IHI, 4/30/2011) The third IHI precaution is Chlorohexidine. Studies indicate using Chlorohexidine for skin preparation prior to central line insertion or when changing dressings is more effective than other solutions such as povidone-iodine or alcohol. To properly cleanse the treatment area, Chlorohexidine must be applied for at least 30 seconds and the solution must dry completely before inserting a central line. The use of antiseptics like Chlorohexidine is not reserved just for patients. Studies have shown that coating or impregnating catheters with antiseptics have reduced the risk of infections. The overall benefits however are questionable when examining the practice from a cost benefit perspective. This is due to statistically insignificant differences in the rate of infections when using impregnated or non-impregnated catheters. (Lai, N. et al, 2013) The next precautions cited in the IHI bundle are optimal catheter site selection and daily central line review (IHI, 4/30/11-B). One key component of site selection is found in conducting a risk/benefit analysis. The treating physician is capable of such an analysis. In general the IHI guidelines suggest avoiding the femoral artery for central lines. When treating adult patients, they also suggest a preference to the subclavian site over a jugular site when using non-tunneled central lines. A daily review of a patientââ¬â¢s central line is also necessary. The risk of infection increases the longer a catheter is in place therefore a daily check must be conducted to ensure the line is still needed. A daily review will also facilitate the removal of un-needed lines. It is important to note that scheduling catheter removals or replacement at scheduled intervals, every three days for example, has not lowered the risk of infection. The key element missing in scheduled removals is the daily, in-person review. Implementation and compliance of IHI Bundle Precautions is multi-faceted requiring continuing education and revised staffing practices (NGC, 2013). Healthcare professionals must be trained in proper procedures for avoiding central line infections. Procedures include catheter insertion and maintenance. To ensure the guidelines are followed and the education is effective, each healthcare site should enact a compliance committee and empower the committee to conduct periodic reviews of central line procedures. Among the many precautions cited above the committee should create a central line checklist and make the checklist available to all staff members. Furthermore the committee can create a culture of central line safety by ensuring cleaning agents are prominently placed at all hand-washing stations, each supply chart stocked with chlorhexidine kits and other sterile items like masks and gloves. Physical compliance checks would also be in the purview of the committee and can be seen in the form of integrating daily central line checks with multidisciplinary rounds and requiring central line records showing the date and time of the line placement. The compliance committee will also be charged with reviewing the facilityââ¬â¢s staffing procedures. This is necessary because studies indicate the risk of patient central line infection increases when there is an elevated patient to nurse ratio. The studies have also indicated that the use of ââ¬Å"pool nursesâ⬠in ICU settings contributes to increased risk of infection. Where IHI guidelines were introduced and adhered to, the number of CLABSI incidents dramatically decreased. For example, from 2001 to 2009 there was a 58% reduction which saved nearly $1. 8 billion in excess healthcare costs. This represents nearly 6,000 lives saved through proper protocols. When looking at two years in this range, 2008 and 2009, the reductions are impressive. For example, in 2008 there were approximately 37,000 cases of central line infections in patients receiving outpatient hemodialysis. In 2009 there were 23,000 cases among patients receiving inpatient treatment. While the number of cases in these areas is still high, the statistics reveal they are declining (CDC, 2011). The authors of this paper had the opportunity to complete their clinical hours at two different facilities; Banner Health Network and Dignity Network. The authors found that both facilities set a goal of completely eliminating CLABSI and created a culture to facilitate this goal. Aside form the overall improvement in patient care such a goal will be financially beneficial for the facilities. This is in large part due to changes in funding rules that state healthcare facilities will no longer be reimbursed for CVC associated bloodstream infections because they are considered to be largely preventable. Both facilities visited by the authors strictly adhere to the IHI central line bundle concept. Each of them also added new elements to make the bundle even more successful. For example, both sites use biopatch to prevent bacteria access at the site of a CVC insertion. They also instituted guidelines for routine dressing changes and cover the line hubs with alcohol-impregnated caps when lines are not in use. In addition, both facilities empower nurses to supervise the insertion procedure and stop the procedure if any steps are skipped. As covered previously, catheter-related bloodstream infections cause life threatening complications, increase morbidity, dramatically increase expenses and above all are largely preventable. Study after study on the issue proves that adherence to strict guidelines pertaining to central line treatment, like the IHI bundle, dramatically decreases the number of CLABSI incidents and the amount of money spent on treatment. Instituting and maintaining a culture focused on CLABSI prevention is necessary in all healthcare facilities. Such a culture not only fosters a safe treatment environment but also allows each healthcare professional to personally advocate for their patientsââ¬â¢ health and recovery. apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-82547509678072505462020-04-07T04:43:00.001-07:002020-04-07T04:43:02.943-07:00Exploring the Substance Abuse Treatment Programs Abstract This research paper establishes that the problem of substance abuse in the female sex is increasing in most parts of the world. The trend is worrying. Some of the policy changes discussed include the use of specialized care providers, provision of care in the society, and the establishment of more women-specific rehabilitation centers. Issues concerning the course and nature of substance abuse, addiction, recovery, and relapse among this population of female substance abusers have also been discussed.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Exploring the Substance Abuse Treatment Programs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Various evidence-based approaches to treating substance abuse and addiction in various settings in the selected target population will be tackled in the research paper. The context of a changing health care environment for women substance abusers will also be highlighted. Important ther apies such as the nontraditional approaches of motivational therapy, solution-focused brief, and group therapies will take the center stage. SFGT emerges a futuristic treatment modality for women with substance abuse problems. Introduction Women are a special population of drug abusers. They provide a challenge to any group or individuals who are working towards their treatment. Like many states in the US, the state of Florida is one of the most affected with the problem of drug abuse among women. The impacts of substance abuse are relatively similar to those in the male population. However, this group of substance abusers also faces special challenges. Therefore, it is important to examine the impact of substance abuse on this population and its recovery at an individual (micro) and systems (macro) level. This research paper looks at substance abuse in women, evidence-based approaches to the provision of treatment services for them, and any historical and current policy issues that may have prevented or supported treatment-service delivery to this client group. Relevant Policy Issues Policies addressing the treatment of substance abuse in women with substance abuse problem have been developed from many research findings. The treatment of the special client group is mostly similar to the male colleagues, although there are few variations in the policies. Zarkin, Dunlap, and Homsi (2004) looked at some of the substance abuse services cost analysis programs (SASCAP) and some of the major policies in the management of substance abuse. Some of the policy changes include the allocation of scarce drug abuse treatment dollars (Zarkin, Dunlap, Homsi, 2004). A major policy is the establishment of the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT), which is responsible for the treatment of drug abusers. Grella and Greenwell (2004) and Cowan, Deering, Crowe, Sellman, Futterman-Collier, and Adamson (2003) report a considerable increase in the number of women abusing drugs i n the United States.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Grella and Greenwell (2004) noted that non-specialized and mixed gender individuals mostly managed the treatment programs that were in place. However, they were less likely to address the problems of this group of clients. Most of the women who abuse drugs are also treated as outpatients, hence corresponding to treatment for other groups of drug abusers. Some of the challenges include the existence of few facilities that are dedicated to the treatment of substance dependence in women only. As Grella and Greenwell (2004) state, the women-only providers were more concentrated in the residential facilities. Even though these facilities provide advanced care to the women who are known to be drug abusers, they make up only a small proportion of the treatment system. However, over the past few years, there has been growing attention to the treatment programs for the women drug abusers globally, especially in the US. Some of the policies that have positively affected funding of programs for treatment of women with the problem include the federal block grant, initiation of projects that are federally funded, and the ââ¬Å"womenââ¬â¢s set-asideâ⬠(Grella, Greenwell, 2004, p. 378). The state of Florida has a treatment program for drug abusers. However, the number of women-specific facilities is still small. The program in place in this region is the Substance Abuse and Mental Health (SAMH) program, which operates within the Florida Department of Children and Families (DCF). It is the single-state authority on substance abuse and mental health (Substance Abuse, 2014). The region also has a treatment and referral system for drug abusers in accordance with the national policy on drug abuse. The US Department of Health and Human Services, specifically the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administrationââ¬â¢s (SAMHSA), has a national drug and alcohol treatment referral service, which provides Spanish and English treatment programs for the residents for free and with assurance of confidentiality (Substance Abuse, 2014). Nature of Substance Abuse, Addiction, Recovery, and Relapse Substance abuse in women is a common problem as stated above, with millions being affected by the problem. The cause of the substance abuse is dependent on the individual factors and drug characteristics that the individual is abusing (Doweiko, 2008). Harmful drug abuse rarely occurs before teenage, with most of the abusers being over 15 years (McCollum, Trepper, Smock, 2003). The disorder or habit begins to increase with the increasing age, with a described peak being witnessed in the early 20s (Berg, Miller, 1992). In one of the population studies in the US, the prevalence of alcohol dependence was reported at 2% in people aged 12 to 17 years. The incidence was higher in 18- to 20ââ¬â year-olds, standing at 12% (Grant, Stinson, Dawson, 2004a). The prevalence of dependence and abuse for the other groups that are older than 20 years is relatively smaller. It decreases with increased age.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Exploring the Substance Abuse Treatment Programs specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Addiction and substance dependence among women substance abusers takes a course that is similar to other groups of dependence. Large proportions of women that are dependent in their 20s will remit later in their life, with some remaining addicted into their later ages (Thoits, 2010). Most of the women who remain dependent and addicted to the substances will develop a more chronic course (Cowan et al., 2003). They are likely to experience physical and psychological conditions that are associated with the condition. Women with limited social support and stability including being unemployed , without family, and housing are more likely to remain addicted for longer, with their recovery being dependent on these factors (Weiss, Griffin, Mirin, 1992). Stressful life experiences are a contributor to the problem of drug abuse among women since it influences the treatment course (Taylor, Biswas, Vaughn, 2012; Minkoff, 2013). Recovery among the population of women who are drug abusers is better in relation to their male counterparts since most of the drug abusers that seek help are the women group (Berg, Miller, 1992). The cases of relapse with treatment are common, especially in people who have abused the substance for long. One third of the treated cases of drug abuse are the women who are known to relapse in a 10-year period. A few of them continue to have the drug abuse problem for life (Russell, Gockel, 2005). Therefore, the treatment of drug abuse for the women group is dependent on the social support among other factors. Moreover, the recovery of women drug abusers is a function of factors such as social support, pre-morbid personality, and the environment in which they are located (Ruger, Abdalla, Luekens, Cottler, 2012). Women have a better recovery from drug abuse compared to their male counterparts. The understanding of this situation is due to the wider support they have and the ease of seeking help. The average period of recovery according to Berg and Miller (1992) is 3 years. However, this period varies among individuals. Relapse is common in women drug abusers. One third of those who undergo treatment are known to relapse. The treatment of patients without elimination of the predisposing conditions causes them to relapse to their previous state. The chances of treatment after relapse are considered to reduce. Women drug abusers who experience relapse mostly end up abusing drugs for life (Berg, Miller, 1992). The treatment of women drug abusers who relapse is different from first-time patients. Evidence-Based Treatment Approaches Evi dence-based substance abuse treatment approaches for the women population have undergone a change over the last few decades. Many studies have been conducted on the most effective methods of treatment, with their findings informing the approaches (Emmelkamp, Vedel, 2006).Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Straussner (2012) is one of the researchers who looked at the evidence-based treatment modalities for substance abuse and the changes that this plan has undergone in history. The researcher states that one useful tool in the diagnosis and management of substance abuse is the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSMIV-TR), which has been useful in the management of all genders of substance abusers (Straussner, 2012). Treatment of substance abuse is mainly approached as an outpatient and inpatient approach. Rehabilitation is a major trend presently and in the past. Detoxification has largely been used, with substitution therapies being applied to treat the drug substance abusers (Straussner, 2012). Pharmacotherapy has been applied in most of the treatment modalities. In the treatment for alcohol dependence, some of the medications used include disulfuram and naltrexone (Straussner, 2012). Acamprosate is also a medication that has been tried with varying degrees of ef ficiency in reducing alcohol abuse in the general population and in women. Behavioral therapies constitute the other evidence-based method of treating substance abuse in women. They have been used successfully in most of the patients in combination with other therapies (Straussner, 2012). According to Straussner (2012, p. 129), ââ¬Å"Behavioral therapies help people engage in the treatment and recovery process, provide incentives to remain abstinent, modify their attitudes and behaviors related to substance abuse, and increase skills to handle stress and environmental cues that may trigger craving for AOD.â⬠Cognitive behavior therapy is another method that is widely used in the management of substance use disorders in women. The technique teaches the affected persons on how to control their thoughts and modify the maladaptive beliefs and cognitive distortions that may be pushing them to the drug abuse (Straussner, 2012). Motivational enhancement therapy and the Twelve Step Fa cilitation Therapy (TSF) are widely applied therapies that form the basis of Alcoholic Anonymous and their treatment of substance abuse (Straussner, 2012). Harm reduction is another of the models that have been used in the management of substance abuse. It originated in Europe with the adoption in the US in the late 80s to prevent the transmission of HIV among substance abusers (Straussner, 2012). Family-focused treatments have also been found to be important in the management of substance abusers. Current Substance Abuse Treatment System Traditionally, the treatment of substance abuse in the female population of patients was similar to that of male patients. Evidence provided in this essay, especially in the reviewed literature, suggests that the treatment of this special group of clients is mainly effective if they are treated in their own specialized facility (Knight, Logan, Simpson, 2001). The researchers state, ââ¬Å"clients who receive services targeted toward their specific needs are more likely to complete treatment and that they have better outcomes at follow-upâ⬠(Knight, Logan, Simpson, 2001, p. 11). Specialized facilities for the provision of treatment for women that are known drug abusers have increased, with an on-going training for more specialists who will cater for the individual needs of this class of patients in this changing environment. The current management of substance abuse is more focused on the institution of care at the community level, with patients being managed at their homes and in the society. The measures are more effective in the current management of substance abuse in women, as it incorporates some of the social stressors that may be contributing to their substance abuse (Berg, Miller, 1992; Mott Gysin, 2003). In the changing environment of care for groups with special needs, women with substance abuse problems are more affected by changes in the health context. The current substance abuse treatment system is also focused on influencing the psychiatric and social effects of the substance abuse, with a wide use of group therapies as discussed below. Group Therapies Heather (2005) explored addictions in the context of being disorders in motivation. He suggested that motivational therapy is an effective measure in management. According to Heather (2005), the use of motivational interviewing presents a good way of dealing with addiction. The previous trials and use of the same have proved to be effective. Motivational therapy is done to patients to encourage and motivate them to relinquish their substance abuse habits. They are first motivated to have a change in attitude. Motivational enhancement therapy has been used in the management of alcohol abuse disorder with considerable success in combination with other therapies. The treatment modalities that are combined with motivational therapy require the patient to be motivated to proceed with any treatment, and thus the increased efficiency and efficacy (Berg, Miller, 1992). Smock, Trepper, Wetchler, McCollum, Ray, and Pierce (2008) looked at the efficacy of the solution-focused group therapy in the management of substance use disorders. The efficacy of the SFGT was remarkable in the study. Treatment of the drug abusers was successful in most of the instances in the study (Smock et al., 2008). However, the research was focused on the treatment of substance abuse in level-1 substance abusers. Patients who received either SFGT or the traditional treatment approach were reported to improve on either treatment (Smock et al., 2008). Nonetheless, significant improvement was noted in patients who were treated using the SFGT. The researchers concluded that the treatment of substance abuse in patients who are known substance abusers has to take that approach (Smock et al., 2008). The approach of using SFGT, which is a resiliency-based approach, is gaining popularity among clinicians treating substance abuse in health facilities. T he approach provides a feasible method of treatment of the same in any women-specific treatment programs. The popularity in the use also means that clinicians have faith in the method and that they have documented improved outcomes with treatment. The modalities will likely enhance treatment in the current health care environment, with more patients receiving direct care. Group therapies are more concerned with the treatment of individuals with similar conditions. They are tailor-made to the needs of the unique groups. Very few group therapies deal with the treatment of women who are diagnosed with substance abuse disorders. There should be more attempts to increase the number of women receiving this specialized care (Berg, Miller, 1992). The above-discussed modalities in the treatment of substance abuse in women might enhance the current health care environment. The insurance coverage for women drug abusers is a significant part of the changing health environment. Many organizatio ns offer insurance coverage for such patients. This accessibility reduces the cost of treatment for women drug abusers. Patients that are not already insured should be put in the insurance programs to reduce their treatment costs. It is important to note that most organizations involved in the treatment of women drug abusers charge for these services. This observation is one of the factors that cause those affected not to seek treatment. In the state of Florida, the number of women drug abusers is significantly dropping. This finding can be attributed to the rise of many organizations offering women-specific rehabilitation services. Conclusion and Recommendations In conclusion, the course and nature of substance abuse, addiction, recovery, and relapse among this population of women substance abusers has also been discussed. Various evidence-based approaches to treating substance abuse and addiction in various settings in the selected target population have also been discussed. Recom mendations in the management of substance abuse disorder in women are possible from the above research. The future management of the problem needs to be taken in the social setting of patients to ensure that the problems causing them to engage in substance abuse are tackled. The research establishes that poor social support for the patients often ends up complicating their management, with most of patients with poor support structures ending up with relapse. The management also needs to take a more specialized approach where structures are set to ensure that the facilities taking care of women with substance abuse disorders are treated by a specialized team of practitioners. The client group has established special needs that may be overlooked by the general practitioners who handle other needs in the society. The other recommendation is that there needs to be education that is more consistent to the public on the effects of substance abuse, with special focus on the specific effect s that the client group may experience. The education needs to be in the form of campaigns where the bodies established to deal with the problem of drug abuse constantly engage in the reduction of the main predisposing factors to the problem. The other recommendation is that treatment modalities discussed in the paper such as SFGT should be widely applied in the management of women who are drug abusers. The use of these modalities will lead to increased success in the management of patients since they present a better success rate. There is also need to carry out more research on the best methods of intervention for this group since there are more knowledge gaps, with the issue continuing to dominate in many parts of the world. Reference List Berg, K., Miller, S. (1992). Working with the Problem Drinker: A Solution-Focused Approach. New York, NY: W. W. Norton. Cowan, L., Deering, D., Crowe, M., Sellman, D., Futterman-Collier, A., Adamson, S. (2003). Alcohol and drug treatment for women: Cliniciansââ¬â¢ beliefs and practice. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 12(1), 48-55. Doweiko, E. (2008). Concepts of Chemical Dependency. London: Cengage Learning. Emmelkamp, M., Vedel, E. (2006). Evidence-based treatment for alcohol and drug abuse: A practitionerââ¬â¢s guide to theory, methods, and practice. New York, NY: Routledge. Grant, F., Stinson, S., Dawson, A. (2004a). Prevalence and co-occurrence of substance use disorders and independent mood and anxiety disorders: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61(1), 807ââ¬â816. Grella, C., Greenwell, L. (2004). Substance Abuse Treatment for Women: Changes in the Settings Where Women Received Treatment and Types of Services, Journal of Behavioral Health Services Research, 31(4), 367-383. Heather, N. (2005). Motivational interviewing: Is it all our clients need? Addiction Research and Theory, 13(1), 1-18. Knight, D., Logan , S., Simpson, D. (2001). Predictors of program completion for women in residential substance abuse treatment. Am. J. Drug Alcohol Abuse, 27(1), 1-18. McCollum, E., Trepper, T., Smock, S. (2003). Solution-Focused Group Therapy for Substance Abuse: Extending Competency-Based Models. Journal of Family Psychotherapy, 14(4), 27-42. Minkoff, K. (2013, April 19). Treating Comorbid Psychiatric Substance Use Disorder. Psychiatric Times, pp. 1-10. Mott, S., Gysin, T. (2003). Post-Modern Ideas in Substance Abuse Treatment. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 3(3), 3-19. Ruger, J., Abdalla, A., Luekens, J., Cottler, L. (2012). Cost-Effectiveness of Peer-Delivered Interventions for Cocaine and Alcohol Abuse among Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. PLoS One, 7(3), 1-12. Russell, M., Gockel, A. (2005). Recovery Processes in a Treatment Program for Women. Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 5(4), 27-45. Smock, S., Trepper, T., Wetchler, J., McCollum, E., Ray, R., Pierce, K. (2008). Solution-Focused Group Therapy for Level 1 Substance Abusers. Journal of marital and family therapy, 34(1), 107-120. Straussner, A. (2012). Clinical Treatment of Substance Abusers: Past, Present and Future. Clin Soc Work J, 40(1), 127-133. Taylor, D., Biswas, B., Vaughn, M. 2012). Incremental Validity of Stressful Life Experiences in Predicting Psychiatric Comorbidity Among Women in Substance Abuse Treatment Rebecca. Journal of Social Service Research, 38(1), 382ââ¬â391. Thoits, A. (2010). Stress and health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 51(1), S41ââ¬âS53. Weiss, D., Griffin, L., Mirin, M. (1992). Drug abuse as self-medication for depression: An empirical study. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 18(2), 121ââ¬â129. Zarkin, A., Dunlap, J., Homsi, G. (2004). The substance abuse services cost analysis program (SASCAP): a new method for estimating drug treatment services costs. Evaluation and Program Planning, 27(1), 35ââ¬â 43. This research paper on Exploring the Substance Abuse Treatment Programs was written and submitted by user Braxton House to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-16914657208425358292020-03-09T03:02:00.001-07:002020-03-09T03:02:02.624-07:00Free Essays on MeepMETAPHYSICS Whereas sciences deal with particular kinds of beings, metaphysics is concerned with beings as such. According to Aristotle, there is no such thing as mere being; to be is always to be a substance or object, a quantity, a quality, or a member of some other basic category. I. Substance and Accidents Substance is the primary mode of being according to Aristotle. The world is not one of atoms or particles, even though they have a place in the world. The basic notion of Aristotleââ¬â¢s logic reflects a distinction in the way reality is structured and reflects the basic way that we view reality. Substance is whatever is a natural kind of thing and exists in its own right. Examples are rocks, trees, animals and the like. For instance, a dog is basically the same whether it is black or brown. A dog would be substance because it exists in its own right; it does not exist in something else, the way a color does. Accidents are the modifications that substance undergoes, but that does not change the kind of thing that each substance is. Accidents only exist when they are the accidents of some substance. For Aristotle, there are ten categories into which things naturally fall. They are substance and a total of nine accidents: quantity, quality, relation, action, passion, time, place, disposition (the arrangement of parts) and ââ¬Å"rainmentâ⬠(whether a thing is dressed or armed, etc) All of these distinctions are basically logical, but in a sense they reflect the structure of reality. One never finds any substance that we experience without some accidents, or an accident that is not the accident of a substance. II. Matter and Form Aristotle utilized the concept of matter and form in an entirely new way, stating that everything that becomes consists of a foundation, a substratum (that which forms the foundation), and form. Aristotleââ¬â¢s theory was firmly rooted in his broader metaphysics, according to which all things are a combination of m... Free Essays on Meep Free Essays on Meep METAPHYSICS Whereas sciences deal with particular kinds of beings, metaphysics is concerned with beings as such. According to Aristotle, there is no such thing as mere being; to be is always to be a substance or object, a quantity, a quality, or a member of some other basic category. I. Substance and Accidents Substance is the primary mode of being according to Aristotle. The world is not one of atoms or particles, even though they have a place in the world. The basic notion of Aristotleââ¬â¢s logic reflects a distinction in the way reality is structured and reflects the basic way that we view reality. Substance is whatever is a natural kind of thing and exists in its own right. Examples are rocks, trees, animals and the like. For instance, a dog is basically the same whether it is black or brown. A dog would be substance because it exists in its own right; it does not exist in something else, the way a color does. Accidents are the modifications that substance undergoes, but that does not change the kind of thing that each substance is. Accidents only exist when they are the accidents of some substance. For Aristotle, there are ten categories into which things naturally fall. They are substance and a total of nine accidents: quantity, quality, relation, action, passion, time, place, disposition (the arrangement of parts) and ââ¬Å"rainmentâ⬠(whether a thing is dressed or armed, etc) All of these distinctions are basically logical, but in a sense they reflect the structure of reality. One never finds any substance that we experience without some accidents, or an accident that is not the accident of a substance. II. Matter and Form Aristotle utilized the concept of matter and form in an entirely new way, stating that everything that becomes consists of a foundation, a substratum (that which forms the foundation), and form. Aristotleââ¬â¢s theory was firmly rooted in his broader metaphysics, according to which all things are a combination of m... apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-41425995045486047732020-02-21T17:26:00.001-08:002020-02-21T17:26:03.941-08:00Perception Dependence Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsPerception Dependence Argument - Essay Example For instance, by stating that X=Y and Y=Z, it implies that X=Z. This is an example of logical arguments. However, there are arguments that are based on incorrect principles of logics, leading to logical fallacies and false or illogical conclusions. One type of argument that has attracted a lot of debates and controversy with regards to the truth about its premises and inferences/conclusions is perception-dependent argument. This paper thus evaluates whether the premises of the perception-Dependent Argument are true. In addition, the paper explores whether the argumentââ¬â¢s inference are good. Perception Dependent Arguments The awareness or apprehension of oneââ¬â¢s environment through senses such as sight, touch, hearing, smell, taste is referred to as perception, a study area that has continued to intrigue not only philosophers but also other scholars since historical times2. One reason perception-dependent arguments have always been considered fallacious is the problem creat ed by the association of perception with hallucinations and illusions. Both hallucination and illusion refer to situations in which a person perceives objects in ways that in which they do not exist. Thus, the possibilities of errors occasioned by illusions and hallucinations make the true nature of arguments based on perception questionable. Because of illusion- and hallucination-related errors, arguments, their premises and inferences, always based on perception, lead to questions on whether perceptions are intuitively what they appear to be. Perceptions could therefore not be directly linked to reality and neither are they necessarily the immediate access to reality. The possibility of hallucination and illusion errors in perception dependent arguments therefore challenges the logical nature of arguments based on perceptions. Illusion refers to a situation in which an object or subject is perceived to appear in way other than it really is. For instance, using a yellow light in a house with white walls make the walls appear have yellow color. Another example of illusion is the sour taste of a sweet drink if consumed immediately after consuming a sweeter drink. It should however be noted that illusion does not imply there is deception since one is not deceived into believing that objects are not what they are. In other words, there is a possibility that one may actually be aware that he/she is experiencing an illusion. From the illusion and hallucination errors that perception dependent arguments are prone to, it is imperative that the obvious truth of peoplesââ¬â¢ experiences and the perception-related errors in arguments are reconciled. The perceptual experiences otherwise referred to as openness to the world, which lead to true premises and good inferences in arguments, have been consistently challenged by the existence of illusions and hallucinations. From its definition, it is apparent that basing oneââ¬â¢s arguments on illusion will most likely re sult in false premises and bad conclusions/inferences. Arguments based on perceptions (illusions and hallucinations) always occur through certain steps. When one is under illusion, an object appears to have some characteristic or quality F. In reality, the object under view, feel, taste, or touch does not always have the perceived quality. Interestingly, another object encountered or experienced somewhere by the person under illusion possesses the quality/feature F perceived by the person. In apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-40963471317381116122020-02-05T11:03:00.001-08:002020-02-05T11:03:04.527-08:00Evangelism and Colonialization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 wordsEvangelism and Colonialization - Essay Example Pedro Cabral is one of the most renowned explorers of the world for his discovery of Brazil in 1500. In 1549, the first governor general of Brazil was Tome de Sousa. During his period as governor general, there was an increase in evangelism in Brazil. Pedro Cabral explores the coast of Brazil under the orders from the King of Portugal (Beidelman, 73). The Portuguese signed the Treaty of Tordesillas that meant there was a division between Christians and non-Christians outside of Europe. The Jesuit missionaries spread Christianity to Brazil Indians. The missionaries clash with adventurers in Brazil with the main aim of capturing Indian and looking for minerals. The Jesuit missionaries play an important role in the spread of evangelism in Brazil and its surrounding areas (Rivera, Pagaà n & Justo, 54). The Portuguese individuals turned to slavery to solve their labor problems. The presence of slaves led to the development of sugar industries in North East of the country. Brazil became the largest producer of sugar because the conditions in the country were favorable. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Spain and Portugal became the new states that promoted colonization in the world. The developed of skills to travel in the ocean meant that they could travel around the world in search of colonies. The discovery of ocean skills the world the Portuguese China trade between the 1514 and 1550 (Rivera, Pagaà n & Justo, 54). Jorge Alvares was the first European Explorer to reach Asia. His arrival in China boosted trade within the region. apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-68732468176665662112020-01-28T07:26:00.001-08:002020-01-28T07:26:07.936-08:00The Telecommunication Sector Digi Economics EssayThe Telecommunication Sector Digi Economics Essay The market organization is in the way in which a market is planned, derived from mainly on the quantity of firms in the business. The four essential market organization forms are perfect competition, monopoly, monopolistic competition, and oligopoly. The most important dissimilarity among each one is the amount of firms on the provide area of a market. Equally perfect competition and monopolistic competition contain a great amount of comparatively little firms advertising production. Oligopoly has a small amount of comparatively great firm with whereas, monopoly has an only firm. (Economic Glossary) At one side of the scale we position perfectly competitive firms, is firms that have no control over the price of wares they produce as shown in figure 1.2(refer to appendix). A perfectly competitive firm has to take any price for its goods the market offers, it is a price takers. Another end of the scale of market structure is the monopolies. A monopoly is a single firm that produces the whole supply of a particular good and gives the authority to put market prices before merely respond to them. All firms with such control are price setters. In the meantime the boundaries of monopoly (no competition) and perfect competition lies in different form of imperfect competition, including duopoly, only two firms supply a particular product, oligopoly, a few huge firms supply the most or entire of a particular product and finally the monopolistic competition, numerous firms supply effectively the same product, but each one enjoys considerable brand loyalty. (Schiller, 2009) In the telecommunication sector DiGi is a top mobile communications company given that an inclusive choice of reasonable, suitable and simple to use wireless services to make things much easier and develop the lives of its consumers. They build value for their customers through selecting the most suitable critical edge technology so that they profit from goods and services that give them option, ease and manage. (Jobstreet.com) DiGis financial performance in 2009, even though a hard working environment, Group profits rise by 2% to RM4.9 billion and our subscriber base grew by 8% compared to the earlier year. The small turn down in EBITDA margin to 43.3% for the year was an outcome of improved transfer and network working costs as well as transportable internet expansion costs and advanced allowance for doubtful debts due to the economy. Their operational cash flow of RM1.4 billion achieved in 2009 was above the RM1.2 billion we guided for the year. All the way through 2009, they continuously invest in their network. Total capex for the year was RM718 million. Of this, RM300 million- RM400 million was invested in increasing their mobile internet footprint and the balance was focused on ability and value enhancements of their 2G network, as well as service improvement. In 2009, they were awarded the Gold Award for Best In-house Customer call centre by the Contact Centre Association of Malaysia (CCAM). (DiGi A nnual Report, 2009) In 2010, they ongoing on an expedition to update our communications to develop the value of service and drive rate effectiveness. They invested RM720 million in capital expenses, of where a significant part is allocated for increasing their mobile broadband and mobile internet footprint. They also improved the ability and value of their 2G network to provide our rising amount of consumers. DiGi is benchmarked next to top service business organization considered through the Forrester Index to make sure their constant development in consumer skill. They launch a quantity of inventive promotion that set them distant in the competitive voice market in 2010. In the Prepaid sector, they were pleased that our DiGi Easy Prepaid proposition gained strong traction. All in all, our prepaid consumer support rise 13.0% year on year to 7.3 million while total income greater than before by 5.5% in the similar stage. (DiGi Annual Report, 2010) There are few characteristics of oligopoly in the telecommunication sector. There are three barriers to entry are economies of scale, ownership of a key input, and government-imposed barriers. The most important barrier to entry is economies of scale. The greater the market of scale, the fewer the quantity of firms that will be in the industry. If production of a good requires a particular input, then control of that input can be a barrier to entry. Firms sometimes attempt to have the government impress barriers to entry. The government also impresses barriers to entering several businesses by commanding tax and quotas on overseas competition. (R. Glenn Hubbard, 2008) Non-Audited financial statement for the second quarter of 2011, whole net operating profits improved with 9.95%, since MYR 1,335,096 thousands to MYR 1,467,998 thousands. Working effect declined from MYR 385,717 thousands to MYR 348,092 thousands which revenue75% transform.à Results of the period decreased -15.12% getting MYR 236,318 thousands at the end of the period aligned with MYR 278,408 thousands last year. Return on equity (Net income/Total equity) went from 20.08% to 18.97%, the Return On Asset (Net income / Total Asset) went as of 5.71% to 4.79% and the Net Profit Margin (Net Income/Net Sales) went from 20.85% to 16.10% when evaluate to the same period of last year. The Debt to Equity Ratio (Total Liabilities/Equity) was 295.83% compared to 251.90% of last year. Finally, the Current Ratio (Current Assets/Current Liabilities) went from 0.57 to 0.50 when evaluate to the previous year. (EMIS) Due to surrounded reasonableness and various consumption, customers find it hard to make head-to head cost-benefits comparisons and thus build the products appear to be to some extent non-homogenous a not completely substitutable for one another. These firms are also opposing and differentiating all the way through demand stimulus (shifting the demand curve) by organizing SMS contests, sponsoring shows like Malaysian Idol which support SMS voting, etc. where the SMS charges are priced much advanced than usual SMS charges in order to drive higher non-voice revenue and productivity as illustrated in figure by Maxis, Celcom and DiGis 2010 announcements below. (http://www.slideshare.net/amiwaleed99/maxis-economonics-assignment) TASK TWO An economic cycle is also known as a trade cycle or a business cycle which refers to the usual fluctuations in a market as a total. As Keynes describe, an economic phase is collected of cycle of excellent deal with increasing prices and high employment percentages, followed by periods of terrible trade with diminishing prices and high unemployment proportion. (Vengedasalam, 2007) Business cycle is discontinuous rises and declines in stage of trade and industry. A downturn is a stage of decline in whole production, profits and employment. This recession, which lasts 6 months or further, is marked by the well-known reduction of production activity in numerous sectors of the economy. A recession is more often than not followed by a recovery and development, a period in which real GDP, income, and employment grow as shown in figure 1.1(refer to appendix). (Campbell R., 2010) When we talk about increasing or constricting, we envision changes in the objective measure of goods and services produced. But the objective quantity of production is almost impractical to measure. So we measure the volume of production by its market price, not by its corporeal volume. Because prices differ from one year to another, GDP yardsticks must be adjusted intended for inflation. Assume that from one year to the next all prices doubled. So unadjusted quantify of nominal GDP would give us a false analysis, we may think production was speeding forward when in actual fact it was positioned still. (Schiller, 2009) In outlook toward the Malaysian economy, these are the impact of the business cycle for the past three years 2009, 2010, 2011 and the consequences faced by the government. In the year 2009, Bank Negara Malaysia has maintained a preventative advance to monetary policy. Previously in 2008, price increases was ascending because of the quick and considerable raise in provisions and power prices. The OPR, though, was left unaffected. The measurement of the Bank was that the food and energy price increases were hugely supply determined. Increasing interest rates beneath these circumstances would have a partial collision in containing inflation. This was the major deliberation within the assessment to keep up interest rates even though assertions that the Bank should have strictest monetary policy. Whereas household demand circumstances be fairly sound, the rigorous subside in exports, and the dejected economic viewpoint for quite a few of Malaysias main trade associates destined that major strategy maintain would be required to avoid the economy from inflowing a deep and extended downturn. With inflation decelerating, Bank Negara Malaysia frontloaded the interest rate cuts to reduce the market from a fast declining international economy. Overnight Policy Rate (OPR) its concentrated by the Bank by a total of 150 basis points beginning from November 2008 to February 2009 to 2% as shown in chart 1.1(refer to appendix). During a dilemma position, interest rate deduct with themselves are not satisfactory. Some corresponding procedures were also brought in to achieve particular sectors of the financial system. Therefore, as well as reducing rates of interest, the Bank besides introduced a amount of under attack procedures toward make sure sustained contact to financing, provisional expansion of security net, protection the cost of prosperity and actual profits of depositors and lessening extremely defenseless borrowers commencing the complete collision of the calamity. The decline in rate of borrowing in addition to procedures undertaken to make sure undisrupted credit flows to the economy were doing well in supporting financing action. Even though financing development measured in the beginning element of the year, credit flows had sustained although existing downturn circumstances in the household with exterior part of the economy. (Annual Report, 2009) Chart 1.2(refer to appendix) By the start year 2010, monetary indicators are signaling to facilitate the international downturn was retreating. International development was being lead through a recover within industrialized also an expansion in the stock cycle. Symbols of development are apparent from trade sales, customer self-assurance, and the accommodation markets. Global trade was as well starting to rise up. The amend in point of view was mirrored by the considerable growing reconsideration toward 2010 international development estimate by the IMF during January 2010 keep posted of the World Economic Outlook (WEO) as shown in chart 1.3(refer to appendix). In the meantime, price rises was predicted to ascend progressively but stay low all the way through the year. Procedures of interior rise and demand indicators recommended the possible materialization of demand through inflation later in the year, aligned with the upturn in require circumstances. Demand linked pressures on inflation, though, be predicted toward stay moderately self-effacing as shown in chart 1.3 and 1.4(refer to appendix). The work of financial implements becomes more diversify in 2010. Even though uncollateralized borrowings remain the major implement used (for 62.7% of incomparable economic policy implements), there be a substantial raise to securities base fiscal procedure instruments (2010: 37.3%, 2009: 20.2%). Bank Negara Malaysia Monetary Notes (BNMN for usual and BNMN-i for Islamic money markets) be ever more use in 2010 when there have be tough appeal for these securities by shareholder, mostly non-resident shareholder. These new organization would demand to a huge base of shareholder set the tighter conformity through Shariah supplies of diverse jurisdictions. In order by the visualization of Malaysia being an Islamic Financial Centre, the Bank will maintain toward grow original and supple Islamic monetary implement that are broadly suitable between international investors.(Annual Report, 2010) In the year 2011, financial display recommended that the upturn of the international economy was ongoing, even though the development presentation varies obviously across area. GDP development was predicted to stay vigorous at 5-6% as shown in chart 1.5(refer to appendix) for 2011. Inflation was estimated to rise in 2011 compared to 2010. Supply factors would be the most important source of inflation throughout the year. In December 2010 the amendments to the manage value of fuel goods would certainly increase heading price rises. Increasing worldwide force and provisions prices were likely to use rising force on firms expenses of production. Figures released in February in chart 1.5(refer to appendix) showed GDP development was constant at 4.8% in the fourth sector of 2010. Highly developed indicator and dealings of customer response keen to a sustained optimistic outlook designed for personal use. Comment beginning the Banks industrial actions recommended continuous development of service and income, which would be more sustain by the firm service value in the opening partially of the year. All the way through the year, the household money market and liquidity in the stock scheme be affecting by growth in the worldwide economic markets and unpredictable collection course. In general circumstances in the household money market, on the other hand, remained flexible to the worldwide financial confusion. Interbank markets sustained to function below a excess liquidity situation, among the entire contributor left behind as net lenders all through the year. As at end-2010 total excess liquidity increase starting from RM299.2 billion to as high as RM397.5 billion at June 2011 as shown chart 1.6(refer to appendix), before past it in the second half of the year. Quite a few raise schemes were apply in 2011 to raise the prepared effectiveness of monetary procedure and improve the diversity of capital market implement. The Range Maturity Auction (RMA) was completely operational throughout the year and develop into part of normal monetary process. (Annual Report, 2011) TASK THREE The telecommunications industry in Malaysia and the district is predicted to confront test in 2011 as of a growing voice market, fibre roll-out, and original technologies together with LTE as well as greater than ever consumer outlook. These are the few strategies used by these two companies Maxis and DiGi. The macro-economic environment in 2010 improves over 2009, a year during which performance of global financial markets exaggerated Asian economies. In opposition to the negative 1.7% recorded formerly, the Malaysian economy grew powerfully in 2010, registering a growth rate of 7.2%. Growth was fuelled by high confidential expenditure and continuous public division spending. On the other hand, the Malaysian telecommunications industry concerned many new entrants in the year beneath assessment, together with in the broadband sector. This, coupled with powerful competition in the midst of accessible players, reflected the gradually more challenging working environment. Customers continued to demonstrate a tough desire for mobile phone internet services and substance in addition to Smartphone and tablets. The varying scene has proposition for their company form with improved demands on margins. Their strategy for 2011 is divided into three parts, to get the most out of their voice company, to protected statistics admission management and access, and to distribute goods and services ahead of telecommunication sector. In accomplish this plan; we stay aggravated to deliver investor cost throughout presentation improvement, savings to protect continuous outlook profits flow and cautious economic organization. (Maxis Annual Report, 2009) (Maxis Annual Report, 2010) DiGi and the telecommunications sector in Malaysia in 2011 will certainly be an exciting year. Their industry will have a main part to play in building a first-class ICT infrastructure that will not only stimulate this development story but also build a more connected Malaysia in the course of a mature mobile internet and mobile broadband ecosystem. DiGi will maintain to aggressively attend to the growing demand for excellence statistics services in Malaysia. They continue dedicated to advance scheduled growing their complex marks that will also supply for superior rate capability, consistency and value of service. The group target to keep their tough development energy this year. They are aiming to obtain a reasonable distribute of the development in the mobile phone internet and portable broadband sector and further market sector. Being operationally capable will stay behind a main priority. (DiGi Annual Report, 2010) There are few responsibilities that DiGi wanted to do; control and expand existing accounts, accomplish effective account treatment during preparation of sales calls, handling enquiries from customers, gather round competitors information from consumers and providing market feedback, in charge for uncovering opportunities, advertising benefits of the full services of DiGi business and advertising adjacent to the competition, to do outbound calls from the given list/record of existing and potential customers, produce demand for DiGi business and direct in the selling process, and organize, price, negotiate and reference sales solutions as well as control daily forecast and opportunities. apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-85662694229849262842020-01-20T03:50:00.001-08:002020-01-20T03:50:03.695-08:00A Diagnosis for Mr. Fix-it Essay -- Medical ResearchMr. Fix-it is a 59 year old man with a history of alcohol abuse and diabetic hypertension. Mr. Fix-it has been currently experiencing symptoms such as: rambling speech, poor short-term memory, weakness on the left side of his body, neglects both visual and auditory stimuli to his left side, difficulty with rapid visual scanning, difficulty with complex visual, perceptual and constructional tasks, unable to recall nonverbal materials, and mild articulatory problems. The diagnosis for Mr. Fix-itââ¬â¢s problem is most likely a right-hemisphere stroke. A right-hemisphere stroke is occurs when a blood clot blocks a vessel in the brain, or when there is a torn vessel bleeding into the brain. ââ¬Å"A right-hemisphere stroke is common in adults who have diabetes and who are over the age of 55â⬠, similar to Mr. Fix-it (Kluwer, 2012). In addition, Mr. Fix-it has a history of alcohol abuse in which it could have also increased his chances of experiencing a right-hemisphere stroke. The symptoms of a right-hemisphere stroke are very much similar like the symptoms Mr. Fix-it is experiencing. For example, both suggest that functions on the left side of the body are completely neglected; therefore, the left visual section of the body does not respond effectively to stimuli due to the neglect. Damage to the right occipital lobe is very likely. The patient may have experienced some damage to areas 18 and 19 of the occipital lobe. ââ¬Å"Damage to these association areas resulted in the patientââ¬â¢s failure to recognize items even when they have been seen beforeâ⬠, such as Mr. Fix-itââ¬â¢s deficiency to recognize geometric shapes (Carlson, 2010). Moreover, the patient could have also experience damage in the frontal lobe, specifically on area 8, in which it could have r... ...lood pressure medication in order to keep his blood pressure in the normal state of 120/80. Other than taking medications, there is another alternative such as surgery, such as ââ¬Å"ventriculosmy, craniotomy, and carotid endarterectomyâ⬠(Kluwer, 2012). The patient also has the option of going to a rehabilitation center where the patient may be able to receive speech therapy, occupational therapy, and physical therapy. In addition, the rehabilitation center may also include ââ¬Å"functional electrical stimulationâ⬠(Kluwer, 2012). Works Cited Carlson, N. R. (2010). Physiology of behavior. (10 ed., pp. 69-101). Boston, MA: Pearson. Hemiparesis. (2011). Retrieved February 9, 2012, from http://www.stroke.org/site/PageServer?pagename=hemiparesis Kluwer, W. (2012).Right hemispheric stroke. Retrieved February 6, 2012, from http://www.drugs.com/cg/right-hemispheric-stroke.html apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-2840018877853551062020-01-12T00:14:00.001-08:002020-01-12T00:14:02.967-08:00Diabetes and NutritionDiabetes mellitus is a continual disorder of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in which blood levels of glucose and lipids are elevated. This abnormal metabolism results from a relative lack of insulin, either too little insulin is secreted or the insulin that is secreted is not effective. In addition, diabetes is associated with chronic systemic complications, which, over time, can affect the retina, kidneys, nerves, and cardiovascular system. The most common classifications of diabetes mellitus include type I, or insulin-dependent, diabetes mellitus (IDDM); type II, non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM); and gestational diabetes (GD).How it is DevelopedThe problems of diabetes originate in an organ located behind the stomach about the length of a human hand called the pancreas. The pancreas is necessary for both digesting food and regulating energy. It is the regulation of energy for the body that is important in the development of diabetes. The pancreas produces hormones that metabolize food. These hormones regulate the use of glucose, a simple sugar, which is used for most of the activities in our bodies. The pancreas regulates energy in a variety of behaviors in which humans engage such as exercise and movement, responding to trauma and stress, and infections.The pancreas emits three different types of hormones. Insulin is the first hormone that is produced when glucose rises in the blood. Insulin usually rises after eating a meal, and excess glucose that is not used is stimulated by insulin to be stored in muscles and fat cells so that energy can be used later. The liver also stores excess glucose in the form of a carbohydrate called glycogen. The second type of pancreatic hormone is glucagon. Glucagon breaks down glycogen stored in the liver so that it can be used as energy when blood glucose supplies are down. The third type of pancreatic hormone is called somatostatin, thought to be important in regulating both insulin and glucagon.When diabe tes develops, this balanced control system does not operate properly. The glucose in the bloodstream increases, and the cells are not able to utilize it. The individual develops hyperglycemia (excess glucose in the blood). This can be detected by measuring the glucose in the blood from a blood sample, or if the glucose is elevated enough, it can be detected in the urine as spillover. This sort of situation occurs when there is not enough insulin to permit the cells to utilize the glucose, or there is resistance most likely at the cellular level to the presence of insulin. Both cases produce diabetes.Symptoms of DiabetesSome of the symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus are increased thirst, increased urination, weight loss even though the individual is eating more, fatigue, nausea, and vomiting, skin infections, vaginitis, blurred vision, bladder infections, and impotence in men and cessation of menses in women.One severe symptom of diabetes is diabetic ketoacidosis. This symptom sometimes p roduces slightly sweet-smelling breath that is caused by acetone, a metabolic byproduct, when the body is forced to burn fatty acids rather than glucose. This process becomes more and more toxic to the body as it continues; the individual may develop diabetic coma and die. Ketoacidosis occurs when individuals are either not getting enough insulin or the insulin is not adequate to allow cells of the body to utilize the glucose.Effects of DiabetesDiabetes has two types of long-term effects. One type is associated with blood vessel involvement. Damage to the large vessels puts the diabetic at greater risk of stroke, heart attack, and gangrene of the feet. When small blood vessels are damaged, eyes, kidneys, and nerves become damaged. The other long-term effect is nerve damage usually in the feet, but also occasionally in the hands. This nerve damage is called diabetic neuropathy. This damage may cause a painful burning sensation with loss of sensation over time, making the body part mo re subject to injury and infection. Foot ulcers and gangrene can develop, with further damage in the extremities. In men, diabetic neuropathy may cause erectile impotence.Nutrition for DiabetesConsultation with a dietitian familiar with children and with type 2 diabetes is important for all patients. The dietitian should assess the nutritional status and practices of the patient and then counsel them to provide a meal plan which, at least initially, does not deviate in a major way from their usual eating practices. Changes made gradually, through subsequent appointments and interviews, frequently achieve compliance more successfully than does radical and rapid change.Individuals providing counseling must be clear about the differences in the management of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Because obesity is a typical finding in type 2 diabetes and caloric restriction results in improved glycemic control and insulin sensitivity, modest caloric restriction and weight loss or m aintenance are important goals: so is correction of the dyslipidemia, which frequently accompanies the metabolic syndrome or IRS.In general, calories from dietary fat should not exceed 30% of energy intake, and calories from saturated fat should not exceed 10%. An effort is also made to limit cholesterol in the diet to apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-29132368913849745612020-01-03T20:36:00.001-08:002020-01-03T20:36:03.289-08:00Sea Shells by the Seashore - Practice the S Sound Tongue twisters are fun words games we use to challenge our pronunciation. As an English learner, you can use tongue twisters to help with pronunciation of certain sounds. This tongue twisterà is perfect for practicing your s sounds. Use lots of breath to help you get the hissing s sound strong. Remember that s is voiceless - pronounced without the voice by pushing air between your teeth and through open and rounded lips. Sea Shells by the Sea Shore She sells sea shells by the seashore.The shells she sells are surely seashells.So if she sells shells on the seashore,Im sure she sells seashore shells. Improve Your Pronunciation of S Sea Shells by the Seashore helps you practice s. The s sound is voiceless and sometimes confused with the z sound which is voiced, or the sh sound which is also voiceless.à Practice the difference in these sounds with minimal pairs - words that only have a difference between the s, z and sh sound.à sip - ship - zipsea - z - shesign - shinezap - sap Feel the Difference Between Voiceless and Voiced Sounds Place your hand on your throat and say sea and you will feel no vibration for the s sound. Place your hand on your throat and say zebra and youll feel no vibration at all for the z - a voiced sound. apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-64764047471562292362019-12-26T17:03:00.001-08:002019-12-26T17:03:03.743-08:00Why Do We Sleep Essay - 618 Words ââ¬Å"Why do we sleep?â⬠is a very popular questions that many humans ask today. Sleep is very sufficient to the human body. If it was not important, then God would not have designed for a third of our life to be occupied by sleep. During this time period, many people are interested to know what is a good amount of sleep and what are the harmful effects to not getting enough sleep. The question ââ¬Å"why do we sleep?â⬠is a very difficult question to answer. One way to think about why sleep is important is looking at sleep as if it was food. Food helps us feel better and also helps the human body function properly.There are many different assumptions on why we sleep.The first is that sleeping allows the body to repair cells damaged by metabolicâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Some people can be fully energized off of 7 hours of sleep, while other may need 9 quality hours of sleep. Many other factors such as pregnancy,aging,previous sleep deprivation and sleep quality can also affect how many hours of sleep you need. In order to get the amount of sleep you need, you must make sleeping a priority! If an activity is interfering with your sleeping, then you should put that activity on pause. There are various negative effects to not getting enough sleep at night. Weight gain is one negative affect of not getting sleep. If youve been getting less the seven hours of sleep daily then you might notice you waistline expanding. The body has a hard time processing the protein leptin which regulates the metabolism. When your metabolism is slow and you food craving increases, it is very easy to gain weight. Not getting enough sleep can also cause stress. If you are up at night thinking about problems and different situations, you can get really mess up your sleeping habits and be even more stressed.Sleep deprivation can also cause you to have a weak immune system.If you can sleep, it is very possible for you to be catching illnesses such as a cold or the flu. Not getting the sleep, makes it tougher for you body to fight off bacteria and viruses. One of the worst cons of not getting enough sleep is impaired memory and brain function.Sleep deprivation can impair many functions of the brain, including how it processes information and how you think, makeShow MoreRelatedWhy Do We Sleep?1227 Words à |à 5 PagesEvery day I wake up and every night I sleep. My curiosity always wanted to know why do we have to sleep? Some say that we sleep because we do it for energy. However, I never understood that because food and nutrients give us energy. So wonââ¬â¢t that mean as long as we are always getting food and nutrients, we will have energy? That really perplexed me. I felt like the energy reason was not sufficient enough. However, I do know that when we sleep it gives our body time to recover. That is plausible,Read MoreWhy Do We Sleep?1540 Words à |à 7 PagesWhy do we sleep? As we all know, one third of our life is spent to sleep, but very few people intend to lay bare the secret of that. There would be a question: why do we sleep? According to the video The Function of Sleep, Tyson states that people are not very clear about the purpose of sleep, but some researchers believe that sleep could enhance memory. MIT researcher Matthew Wilson also illustrates the thoughts of a rat can be read by implanted the electric wire into its brain. According toRead MoreWhy Do We Need Sleep?1713 Words à |à 7 PagesWhy Do We Need Sleep? Typed By: Miracle Taylor Regulating sleep is something our bodies do that is as natural as eating, drinking, and breathing. This implies that sleeping serves a similar role in our health and well being. Even though it is difficult to answer the question ââ¬Å"Why do we need sleep?â⬠scientists have developed several theories that may explain why we spend a third of our lives sleeping. Comprehending these theories can help expand our appreciation of the functionRead MoreEssay on Sleeps and Dreams: Why Do We Sleep and Dream?741 Words à |à 3 Pagesabout the Sleeps and dreams topic. It will be segmented into different parts, but I will first describe the basics of the sleeping and dreaming, why it happens and how. After that I will describe the different types of sleep which are REM (Rapid eye movement) and NON-REM. Other topics that will be discussed are the biological clock, consciousness and alerted, how much sleep does the body need, treatments and problems such as insomnia, sleep apnea and narcolepsy. Firstly, why do we need sleep? Our bodyââ¬â¢sRead MoreSleep: Why We Need It or Do We? There are many different philosophies on how much sleep the body1200 Words à |à 5 PagesSleep: Why We Need It or Do We? There are many different philosophies on how much sleep the body needs or doesnââ¬â¢t need. Sleep has been said to be the bodyââ¬â¢s way of refueling. It allows the body to restore its mental energy (msnbc.com). The question is how much sleep does the body truly need to function? One theory pertaining to sleep is that if your body has a lack of sleep it would just adapt to less sleep. Sleep deprivation can cause us to lose our agility, cognitive, and immune responsesRead MoreThe Theory, The Energy Conservation Theory1419 Words à |à 6 PagesIntroduction: what is sleep: Sleeping is something that most creatures of the animal kingdom have in common. A period of time where the body seemingly ceases to function. The average human is supposed to sleep 7-8 hours a day, and although this varies from species to species, the core function stays the same.The dictionary definition of sleep is ââ¬Å"the natural state of rest during which your eyes are closed and you become unconsciousâ⬠.(Sleep, n.d.) Although it seems like nothing is happening whenRead MoreThe Human Body And Body Needs Sleep835 Words à |à 4 PagesTo Sleep. Everyone knows the human body needs sleep. For some people, sleep is what they enjoy most, but why do human beings need sleep? Why is the urge to collapse into the warm safety of our beds so tempting? Why are we so grumpy when we donââ¬â¢t get enough sleep? Sleeping isnââ¬â¢t only relaxing but it is also helpful to your brain and body. ââ¬Å"We have to sleep because it is essential to maintaining normal levels of cognitive skills such as speech, memory, innovative and flexible thinking. Sleep alsoRead MoreDreaming Is Something We ve All Experienced While Sleeping1565 Words à |à 7 Pagesreality. We all experience dreams that range from the pleasant and the not so pleasant or nightmares. Dreaming is still largely a mystery to science, as experiments are conducted to figure out why we dream and how dreams function. We do know one thing for sure, that everyone dreams unless in the rare case they are prevented by meditation or a brain injury. Dreams occur in two states; REM sleep and non-REM sleep which are very different and give the dreamer different sensations. In REM sleep our dreamsRead More Sleep, Dreams, and Our Mental and Physical Processes Essay1671 Words à |à 7 PagesSleep, Dreams, and Our Mental and Physical Processes Scientists have been researching and conducting studies to discover the true meaning of sleep and dreams. Scientists have developed a few theories on whether we sleep and dream to build up our mental or physical energy. According to the author of an article in Encarta Encyclopedia, Siegel defined sleep as the natural state of rest characterized by reduced body movement and decreased awareness of surroundings (Siegel). In an article onRead MoreWhy Do We Have Dreams?790 Words à |à 3 Pagesreason behind dreaming has still not been scientifically proven, but there are many theories and religious beliefs as to why people dream at night. Theorists, such as Sigmund Frued, devoted their time to peoples dreams and observing them while they dream and sleep. These scientists have discovered that people are most likely to dream during the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) stage of sleep than any other stage because the mind is more aware then. There are theories that say that dreaming can predict the future apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-63645928543008355502019-12-18T12:51:00.001-08:002019-12-18T12:51:03.614-08:00The Communication Concepts Of Kinesics And Mythical Norms Imagine a world without sound. Instead, what if you see sound or feel sound? In the TED Talk, The Enchanting Music of Sign Language (2015), Christine Sun Kim is a born deaf artist that translate sound into visual language of art and sign language. As sound can be the biggest obstacle for the deaf culture, Christine did not let that disempower her, but rather empower her to realize the powers of American Sign Language (ASL) and open the eyes if people that sound can be seen through what she calls, â⬠visual language.â⬠Observing her speech, even though she is unable to verbally communicate, Christineââ¬â¢s expresses her emotions and word through her facial expressions and the context of her speech breaks the barrier of a common norm that sound is something that is just heard, not see. Christine Sun Kimââ¬â¢s speech shows many communications concepts that can be analyzed from Warren and Fassett (2015). In this essay, I will be providing application on how the communicati on concepts of kinesics and mythical norms was portrayed in the speech of Christine Sun Kim. Christine Sun Kim was born deaf, and therefore her nonverbal communications skill is more emphasized than the average hearing person. Out of all the nonverbal communication skills, kinesics is one concept that first came into my mind. According to Warren and Fassett (2015), kinesics are our ââ¬Å"gestures, body movements, and facial expressionsâ⬠(p.161). As Christine speaks, her facial expressions changes between every word and she apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-57419751074099688172019-12-10T09:34:00.001-08:002019-12-10T09:34:04.399-08:00Mcteague and the mayor of casterbridge Essay Example For Students Mcteague and the mayor of casterbridge Essay Moy 1Shelly MoyM. ReganENG261ACApril 28, 2003Thomas Hardy and Frank Norris are artists, painting portraits of men filled with character, that is distraught with regression. The Mayor of Casterbridge, by Thomas Hardy is a powerful and searching fable. Frank Norris McTeague is a documentation of the animalistic pursuit of empty dreams. Both authors withhold the protagonists of their dreams, in a grotesque world, which provides no sign of escape. Each emphasizes themes of greed and devolution, while carefully detailing character portraits. Both Hardy and Norris broadcast a network of symbolism to enhance the meaning of their works. Hardy and Norris use of complex character portraits, simplistic settings and love subplots employ correlating themes of decay and provide similar and contrasting insights into their novels. The settings of both novels are based in small simple structured towns. Each take place during the post-Victorian era. Both authors base their novels within these small to wns and avoid the introduction of a new setting. The development of a single setting story allows for both Hardy and Norris to manifest a greater complexity in the protagonists plight. In McTeague, All the needed data are given at the start, and the main action-except the ending-glows out of the data; no face is withheld to allow the story to take an unexpected twist, and the facts are given mean what they purport to Moy 2mean (Frohock 10). The Mayor of Casterbridge also follows the setting structure of a small town filled with all the necessary elements for Henchards undulating character progression. It is unique that both authors focus solely upon one small town, both only escaping its confides once, either in the very beginning or in the end. Both Hardy and Norris spin a complex web of symbols, characters and love subplots within their settings. The Mayor of Casterbridge opens with a drunken Michael Henchard selling his wife and child to a sailor. The next day he rises feeling re morse for his actions, he seeks them, yet they are gone. Henchard eventually winds up in the simple town of Casterbridge. Here he seeks to create a sense of justice for the tragic error which is the result of his moral weakness (Gibson 97). Eighteen years pass and Henchard has cycled to the top of his wheel of fortune, his is a successful businessman and the eventual mayor of Casterbridge. Henchard suffocates the growing guilt within him; he sold his wife and then lets down the grain merchants of his town. His feelings of guilt serve as a fuel that continues to propel him to his own demise. Time after time, one or another of Henchards basic needs presses him into action which lead within an ever-increasing sense of fatality to his eventual doom (Carpenter 105). However, Henchards constant efforts to bring value to his name and character set the ironic tone for the novels end. It is Henchards consistent resilience which, in the end, allows Hardy to elevate him to the level of a hero, in the end providing value to his name, Michael Henchard, a name that deserves to be remembered. Norris begins McTeague simply with McTeague. He is a simple man with simple intention and simple pleasures. He spends Sundays alone in his dental parlor, smoking Moy 3his cigar and drinking his steamed beer. McTeagues mind was as his body, heavy, slow to act, sluggish. Yet there was nothing vicious about the man. Altogether he suggested the draft horse, immensely strong, stupid, docile, obedient (Norris 7). The beginning of McTeague almost seems like the end, when he opened his Dental Parlors, he felt that his life was a success, that he could hope for nothing better (Norris 7), here no conflict or foreshadowing exist, this is only Norris beginning statement to the devolution of McTeagues character and lifestyle. From here, Norris seduces McTeague to his eventual demise through intense acts of animalism. Upon meeting Trina, his best friend Marcuss love interest who comes to him because of a broken tooth, his psyche begins to change and animalistic feelings begin to well up inside McTeague. During turbulent days for McTeague and Trina, his character qualities begin to take a form all their own, and are governed by a strange savage primitiveness. His civility then dissolves, and a rather brute animalism ruptures within him. The laws of humanity no longer govern McTeague, and his abusive qualities foreshadow imminent doom. McTeague becomes obsessed with the greed that has overcome his wife, Trina and assaults her in order to get her to give him the money she has secretly been hording from him. Driven by greed and the animal instinct inside of him, he sets out to make her pay. In a final act of fury McTeague kills his wife and steals the money she had withheld from him. In the final chapter of the novel, McTeague is fleeing for Mexico through Death Valley. The last scene, McTeague is left to die in the brutal conditions of Death Valley, a force that his primitiveness and greed cannot escape. Norris chilling sense of realism alienates McTeagues animalistic nature as his final result of his devolution. Various love subplots exist in both novels, which play an essential role in the protagonists regressions. Lucetta Templman is a brilliant compliment to Henchards character. Like Henchard, she follows her elaborate emotions, formulating irrational decisions and reckless Moy 4interventions. Lucetta creates a facade depending strictly upon image. She lacks morality, as she is not concerned with her lack of virtue between Henchard and Farfere, but simply with peoples reactions to her decision. At the end, Lucetta emerges not as a heroic heroine, but as a woman driven by desire, exemplifying only childish and imprudent behavior, much like her complementing character, Henchard. The relationship between Lucetta and Henchard acts as a catalyst for Henchards character decay. This begins with his adaptation of bad luck, which is essentially the result of his self-destructiveness and his perverse and irrational need to punish himself once his downward course has began. Instead of thinking that a union between his cherished stepdaughter and the energetic thriving Donald was a thing to be desired for her good and his own, he hated the very possibility (Hardy 220). Henchards decay is illuminated as he uses all existing efforts to insure that they will be alienated from him. Greed suffocates his small soul as the love between Elizabeth-Jane and Farfere grow. Henchards complementing character, Lucetta, and the love of Elizabeth-Jane and Farfere exhaust him to his final moment of unluckiness. Same Sex Marriage EssayFrohock, W. M. Frank Norris. 1st edition. St. Paul: North Central Publishing Company. 1968. 5-39. Gibson, James. Thomas Hardy: A Literary Life. 3rd edition. New York: St. Martins Press. 1996. 1-138. Hardy, Thomas. The Mayor of Casterbridge. Merriam Schuster. 4th edition. San Diego: Harcourt. Brace Jovanovich Inc. 1972. Hochman, Barbra. The Art of Frank Norris, Storyteller. 3rd edition. Columbia: University of Missouri Press. 1988. 1-77. Norris, Frank. McTeague. Peter Brief. 3rd edition. Sand Diego: Harcourt Brace Joanovich Inc. 1977. apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-25006545409708793282019-12-02T21:15:00.001-08:002019-12-02T21:15:04.054-08:00Old shoes free essay sample In a way shoes are Just like friends. They come new and sparkly, shining their personality, all bright, soft and smooth and ready to be there for you through tough hard, soft and playful or Just horrible ground. You are the same way in return. You appreciate their new and friendly personality, thinking your friendship will never be the same, hope your friendship will grow with every small brown and muddy step.You cherish the shoes, you took time to save up for the shoes, you appreciate the shoes, you every now and then look back to that day when you first slipped that right brown leather sole out that awful dull box, you think of the Joy It gave you and how you hoped one day the shoe and you will one day come wonderful friends. But then, the shoes start getting worn out or you have had the shoes for a long time. We will write a custom essay sample on Old shoes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Either the friendship changes, the shoes grow old, they begin to sage and crinkle that smell of fresh leather and the feel Is gone, or new and bright shoes come along, ones that are In tune with the latest styles, ones that are bright, colorful and happy, ones ho draws In all the attention, not a single crack or crinkle to be seen. Are you going to hold on to your old shoes? The ones who have been through it all, the ones were every mark. Scratch, dent tells a different and exciting tale. I try to do the best I can, because sometimes those shoes are my favorite, they know my life story, they have walk the same path, over every obstacle, challenge and has the engraves of my feet in its old, dull brown soles to show it. They are reliable and even though they dont always sparkle and shine, they still are my best shoes.But maybe, a new friend is in order one that is young and not as experience one which still has to see what the worlds holds for it. Its a sad thing to say but, my old friend, the one with the wrinkly tip, that looks like an old little lady, sitting there, the one who will always smile as my feet slip into the perfect mould, although you are small and scratched I still love you my friend.I work up the courage, doing the same thing as when I met you my old reined, I asked for that new mate. A kind lady gave me a bright and shiny new box, I opened it to find a blue, purple and white shoe. As I slipped it on the cushions hugged my feet, they were soft and smooth, the top was made from Swede, the sides from leather and the sole was a soft sponge, but the thought of your rough touch still wonders my mind.As I pick you up my old friend to say a final good bye, I rub you rough leather surface and look at you scars, bumps, scratches and wrinkles, thinking jack on all the amazing memories we have created and all the challenges your brown dull leathery exterior has gone through to be the Ideal resting place and shelter for my feet. Its hard to lay you here In this box, I hope we will meet again, I hope your knowledge and wisdom will be a great source for all who follow, good bye my brown, coos, crinkle nosed friend, enjoy the wonders of your finally resting ground. Old shoes By casehardening bright brown leather sole out that awful dull box, you think of the Joy it gave you and meal of fresh leather and the feel is gone, or new and bright shoes come along, ones that are in tune with the latest styles, ones that are bright, colorful and happy, ones who draws in all the attention, not a single crack or crinkle to be seen. Are you going every mark, scratch, dent tells a different and exciting tale. I try to do the best I can, brown dull leathery exterior has gone through to be the ideal resting place and shelter for my feet. Its hard to lay you here in this box. apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-8870861930759814332019-11-27T07:18:00.001-08:002019-11-27T07:18:04.040-08:00Communication in Organizational Setting essaysCommunication in Organizational Setting essays One particular thing forms the foundation of all our work, is the glue that holds our efforts together, and is a necessary ingredient for our success. That one thing is trust. The role of trust is fairly easy to describe, and its contribution toward an organizations efforts can be easy to identify. Yet, trust remains one of the more elusive elements of organizational management. Therefore, change within an organization has to be fueled by trust. For some people change means uncertainty and skepticism. According to Richmond and McCroskey, People resist change for numerous reasons. Probably the most significant reason people resist change is that they are fearful that their position or status in the organization might change for the worse...The possibility of making things significantly better is not worth the risk of making them significantly worse. For others, change can be looked upon as influential and beneficial. These people are classified as bridges. A bridge is an individual who links two or more cliques in a system from his or her position as a member of one of the cliques. Bridges play a vital part in incorporating change within an organization because of their communication connections and influence within their primary circle. This is an individual who should be sought out to assist with introducing a change or diffusion of an innovation. If a bridge can be influenced to accept a change, then he or she might persuade the primary group and possibly influence other groups in a positive manner about change. When there is a need for effective change; concurrently, there is a need for effective leadership. As stated in Take It From The Top, Never is leadership more sought after than in times of change and uncertainty. Effective change leadership is the key to shifting peoples perceptions from seeing change as a threat to seeing it is ... apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-88804245802242484162019-11-23T14:52:00.001-08:002019-11-23T14:52:04.077-08:00Free Essays on Various Topics1. Discuss the Characteristics of Developing Nations Some of the first things that come to mind when the term ââ¬Ëdeveloping nationââ¬â¢ is used are; backward, third-world, primitive, poverty, disease, unfortunate, and sheltered. All societies at one time or another in their existence were, in fact, considered developing nations, some develop at a faster pace than others and some seem rather stagnant in growth. There are many explanations as to why this occurs, the main determinants being cultural beliefs, including family life and ties, and economical and political ideals. Individually as well as geographically, people, tribes, families, and villages in developing, or traditional, societies are extremely distant. The text sites the main areas of deficiency in these particular societies; isolation, illiteracy, and distrust. With the lack of integration with others outside of their own group, it makes it impossible to have any differing beliefs brought about and in turn, different languages and cultures as well. You can see how this can cause a problem when one is finally faced with someone from a surrounding tribe. All of their life they have been taught that there is no other way than the way they are living, then they are blindsided with other languages and beliefs that they are not prepared to comprehend. This poses a problem for individual groups who reside in an area where there are other groups live nearby, and share a common ground of some sort for hunting or recreation of some sort, it can be a major cause of conflict. It is also noted that the combination of these issues has a snowballing result that follows; there is at first an inability to communicate with one another, which in turn brings suspicion, distrust, and detachment, which in turn brings further isolation, and causes the cycle to repeat itself over and over again. A vital makeup of life in a developing nation is a tribe or a village. Tribes are primari... Free Essays on Various Topics Free Essays on Various Topics 1. Discuss the Characteristics of Developing Nations Some of the first things that come to mind when the term ââ¬Ëdeveloping nationââ¬â¢ is used are; backward, third-world, primitive, poverty, disease, unfortunate, and sheltered. All societies at one time or another in their existence were, in fact, considered developing nations, some develop at a faster pace than others and some seem rather stagnant in growth. There are many explanations as to why this occurs, the main determinants being cultural beliefs, including family life and ties, and economical and political ideals. Individually as well as geographically, people, tribes, families, and villages in developing, or traditional, societies are extremely distant. The text sites the main areas of deficiency in these particular societies; isolation, illiteracy, and distrust. With the lack of integration with others outside of their own group, it makes it impossible to have any differing beliefs brought about and in turn, different languages and cultures as well. You can see how this can cause a problem when one is finally faced with someone from a surrounding tribe. All of their life they have been taught that there is no other way than the way they are living, then they are blindsided with other languages and beliefs that they are not prepared to comprehend. This poses a problem for individual groups who reside in an area where there are other groups live nearby, and share a common ground of some sort for hunting or recreation of some sort, it can be a major cause of conflict. It is also noted that the combination of these issues has a snowballing result that follows; there is at first an inability to communicate with one another, which in turn brings suspicion, distrust, and detachment, which in turn brings further isolation, and causes the cycle to repeat itself over and over again. A vital makeup of life in a developing nation is a tribe or a village. Tribes are primari... apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-32256008595931729852019-11-21T05:13:00.001-08:002019-11-21T05:13:06.055-08:00Prcis from Aristotle's De Generatione et Corruptione II.9 (335b8) AssignmentPrcis from Aristotle's De Generatione et Corruptione II.9 (335b8) - Assignment Example Knowledge is seen as an essential component in oneââ¬â¢s life. In addition, Aristotle believes that there are some things that exist in the sensible world and have essential natures. He continues to add that there are things which exist in the sensible world that cannot be otherwise plus acquiring knowledge of the things is possible. Aristotle simple brings the essence of acquiring knowledge of the unknown which exist in the sensible world. A good example of this could be the knowledge of the soul which is discussed in his Phaedo. Concerning Aristotleââ¬â¢s Phaedo, its sole purpose was to talk about the human soul. According to Aristotle, the soul is regarded as immortal. He argues that the soul before it started to live in a human body at birth, meant it came from somewhere, and after death, will also have to go somewhere. This correlation brought to him coming up with the possibilities of two worlds existing separate from each other. He refers one of the worlds as a world of sensible particulars and the other, the world of form. The world of sensible particulars as discussed by Aristotle contains objects that can be touched and have sense. He adds that they include living things with souls like plants, animals and man. In addition, the world of form contains aspects that exist in objects. Aristotle also refers to forms as universal aspects. He adds that the soul is in between these two worlds since he argues that the soul existed before birth and would return to where it came from after death. He continues by saying that when one is alive, the soul is trapped in oneââ¬â¢s body and by so living in the sensible world. Souls according to Aristotle are regarded as sensible things by being particular in contrast to forms which are universal. Aristotle depicts the souls as the first actuality of any natural body and got the potential of having life. The catch will be that the soul has to occupy a body with organs in order for life to exist. In addition, th e soul cannot exist without immorality. Aristotle insists that the soul may leave a body when dead and remains in the world, wonders until when it gets another body to live. In the world of forms, Aristotle rejected Platoââ¬â¢s theory of forms that stated that properties like beauty are generally abstract universal entities which exist totally independent of the objects. Instead, Aristotle argues that forms cannot exist apart from objects since they are intrinsic to them. However, when he discusses art, Aristotle rejects this theory. He instead adds that artists try to capture idealized universal forms. The nature of universals in Aristotle's philosophy therefore hinges on his view of natural kinds. Aristotle basically transformed Plato's forms to "formal causes", the essence or blueprints of individual things. Concerning the ââ¬Å"formalâ⬠causes, Aristotle argues forms are powerless in explaining why things change or die since they cannot alter or move physical objects of sensation. He adds that forms may not be of importance in explaining how we get knowledge of particular things. This he supports by arguing that one cannot get knowledge of a substance before getting knowledge of the substance in it. Aristotle also argues forms could not explain the existence of particular objects. Aristotle basically refutes his teacherââ¬â¢s teachings and comes with his own perspective of what cause are. Therefore according to Aris apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-25955888378823835982019-11-20T02:05:00.001-08:002019-11-20T02:05:04.052-08:00Field Trip Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 wordsField Trip Journal - Essay Example I even found myself loving the class more and more, especially when we began discussing the textbook and the beach types. By the time we started going for the trips, I was already in love with Marine Biology. A number of field trips that we went during the semester made the class more fun and lively and indeed, I learnt a number of things during these trips. Here is my journal on the various field trips that we went to. On 9th March 2013, we visited the Cabrillo Marion Aquarium. We arrived at around midday. The professor and the tour guide showed us around the shore. He told us to take care and be watchful of the animals and avoid those that were likely to harm us. He insisted on the safety measures that he had taught us. We then started the trip, and looked at the various animals in the aquarium. The various marine animals in the aquarium include the Lion Nudibranchia, which is a soft bodied animal. I learnt that it normally sheds it after the larval stage. I found it quite confusin g with the sea slug, and could not tell where their difference lay. Bat star (Patiria miniata) has five arms with a centre disc which is very wide. I was able to identify the many colours that the animals had, which were green, purple, red, orange, yellow and brown. I found it rather funny that an animal could have so many colours. Among the rocks I could make out the Giant sea star, (Pisaster giganteus) especially due to its huge size and the length of its arms which were very long. I also saw the warty sea cucumber (Parastichopus parvimensis) and felt its soft body that was cylindrical in shape. Its skin was leathery and which is either reddish brown or yellow in colour. California spiny lobster scared me with the huge body and large antennae that protruded from its head. I wondered how it would feel like for the animal carrying such large antennae on its forehead, imagining that it must get tired at times. California moray eel looked so ugly to me, with the huge mouth and the roc k like body that made it appear uglier and disgusting to look at. After visiting the aquarium, I think that looking and observing these marine creatures in real person is very different from studying them in a textbook. I felt that they are living, with their funny features, and sometimes weird nature making me awe at their uniqueness. I would suggest to the Cabrillo marine aquarium to assign bigger tanks or separate them because they appear to be too squeezed and uncomfortable. The following trip was to the Marine Mammal Care Centre that was on the 20th March 2013. The centre is a rehabilitation place for various animals in California, especially those that are hurt and the ones that cannot properly look after themselves. I felt quite sorry for the ones that were really wounded. However, the attendants who were mostly volunteers made me feel compassionate about animals. Their devotion towards the animals made me look at animal kingdom in a different way. While some people kill anim als for food and others wound them, some take care of their mess. There were two animals that I greatly mistook for sea lions since I had not gotten much used to their differences apart from the textbook pictures. However, I realized from the sign on the cage that they were On 27th March 2013, we visited the Point Fermin. Our professor allowed us to go to up to the shore. apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-34857673830519912712019-11-17T14:35:00.001-08:002019-11-17T14:35:06.028-08:00A Study of the Cultural Imperialism Theory Essay Example for Free A Study of the Cultural Imperialism Theory Essay ABSTRACT This paper explores the validity of the Cultural Imperialism Theory which says the Western culture has dominated the cultures of developing Nations. It examines to what extent and how the Western world in the real sense has dominated the developing countries. The study further examined the means through which the developing countries are being dominated culturally by the Western culture. The paper further looked at both the negative and the positive effects of cultural imperialism. It concluded that though the western world is succeeding in eroding the culture of developing countries and Nigeria as a study, Nigeria as a Nation should put on some safety belt in safeguarding our heritage. INTRODUCTION Culture is the way of life of a set of people. It encompasses the knowledge, ideas, beliefs, values, standards, and sentiments prevalent in the group. According to Charles A. Ellwood, an American Sociologist, culture is the ââ¬Å"collective name for all behavior patterns socially acquired and socially transmitted by means of symbolsâ⬠. Dare A., defines Culture as the collectivity of human activities and general principles that tend to guide ideas of a group of people with shared traditions (general acceptability), which are passed on, instilled into generation (socialization) and reinvigorated by members of the group (sustainability) while Imperialism as defined by The Dictionary of Human Geography is the creation and maintenance of an unequal economic, cultural and territorial relationship, usually between states and often in the form of an empire, based on domination and subordination The Theorist of Cultural Imperialism theory, Herb Schiller postulated that Western nations dominate the media around the world which in return has a powerful effect on Third World Cultures by means of imposing on them, western views thereby destroying their native cultures Western Civilization produces the majority of the media (film, news, comics, etc.) because they have the money to do so. The rest of the world purchases those productions because it is cheaper for them to do so rather than produce their own. Therefore, Third World countries are watching media filled with the Western worlds way of living, believing, and thinking. The third world cultures then start to want and do the same things in their countries and destroy their own culture. In cultural Imperialism theory, the key words are culture and imperialism. According to Anaeto G., Onabajo, O. and Osifeso, J. (2008), they wrote that ââ¬Å"the western countries are technologically developed in television and motion programmes and developing countries that are not technologically developed depend on the programmes from the developed countries. This means that the programmes from the developed counties which portray their culture will be imbibed by the developing nations. This western culture now dominates our local culture simply because we are consuming their mass media messagesâ⬠. The assumptions of the theory according to Schiller, H., are classified into three namely 1. Ontological Assumptions 2. Epistemological Assumptions 3. Axiological Assumptions 1. Ontological Assumptions This theory says that humans do not have the free will to chose how they feel, act, think, and live. They react to what they see on television because there is nothing else to compare it to besides their own lives, usually portrayed as less than what it should be. 2. Epistemological Assumptions This theory explains that there is one truth and no matter what that truth never going to change. As long as Third World countries continue to air Western Civilizations programs then the third world countries will always believe they should act, feel, think, and live as Western Civilizations act, feel, think, and live. 3. Axiological Assumptions This theory is value-neutral and objective. It does not matter what beliefs the people of Third World may already hold, the television programs from the Western World will communicate the same message and affect them in the same way. CRITIQUES OF THEORY The critiques of the Cultural Imperialism theory came up with scientific theory which counter-argued the theory with the following responses: Explanatory Power: It explains what happens when one group of people with their own ideas sends messages through the media to a different group of people. Predictive Power: It predicts that Third World countries culture will be destroyed and the people will identify with Western views. Parsimony: We can see a direct linear path from sender to receiver through the media channels and then watch the effects. Falsifiability: The theory could be proved false should the Third World countries not be affected by Western media and they do not lose their culture. E.G ââ¬Å"Under the intriguing title Seducing the French (1993), Richard F.Kuisel concedes that the French underwent a process of Americanization. But at the same time, they succeeded in defending their Frenchness. French consumers found some American products appealing but they also continued to cherish and idealize French national identity, notably the idea of a superior French high culture.â⬠Internal Consistency: There is a logical flow of events and consequences within the theory. Heuristic Provocativeness: This theory could lead to new hypotheses such as which cultures are affected more than others (if any) or whether low context differ in the reception of messages compared top high context cultures? Organizing Power: This fits with what we already know about differences between Western civilization and Third World countries. Another example the critique stated is that ââ¬Å"if an International Broadcast station shows a video depicting Nigerians as corrupt, dangerous and malnourished, should someone in Nigeria watch this the Western stereotype of Nigerians, and not affected by it, the theory have been proved falseâ⬠. John, T., further argues that Cultural imperialism consists of the spread of modernity. It is a process of cultural loss and not of cultural expansion. There never were groups of conspirators who attempted to spread any particular culture. Instead, global technological and economic progress and integration reduced the importance of national culture. Therefore, it is misleading to put the blame for a global development on any one culture. The notion of imperialism that is, purposeful cultural conquest is irrelevant; instead, all countries, regardless of whether they are located in the northern or southern hemisphere, are victims of a worldwide cultural change MODES OF CULTURAL IMPERIALISM Tracing world history all through the era of colonialism, there have been histories of cultural imperialism which will seem the only way to explain the popularity of the very-British game cricket in all countries that once served as British colonies. Invasion of a country most often doesnt end with an invasion of the geographical territories within the political boundaries alone. Religious and cultural invasion are often inseparable parts of a political conquest. Itââ¬â¢s much easier to rule if your subjects share the same religious and cultural platforms as the invaders? The cultural imperialism theory is founded upon the premises of imposing the influences and beliefs of the stronger culture (the invaders) upon the weaker or more submissive culture (the invaded). How does this cultural Imperialism take place? Dare A., states that Cultural imperialism takes place when one culture overtakes another in such a way that the latter ends up following a significant number of values, traditions, beliefs and influences of the former either completely or in a way merges the influences of the dominating culture with those of its own. Such a cultural invasion can either be active or passive. In its active form, the dominant culture forcefully imposes its cultural influences upon the dominated culture. This is a dynamic phenomenon where the subordinate culture is compelled to adopt the ways of the invaders. The passive form is when one culture (not necessarily subordinate) voluntarily embraces the influences and traditions of another culture. Here, the dominant culture makes little or no forceful efforts in imposing its cultural ideals upon another but the latter gets influenced as a consequence of its receptivity to the formers cultural impacts. The passive form of cultural imperialism is what largely takes place today. Cultural imperialism can also occur due to the significant commercial relations between two countries. A country heavily importing products and services of another country may get significantly influenced by the exporting countrys lifestyle attributes and social values. We can see this phenomenon in the form of Westernization of a number of Eastern countries. This is a type of passive cultural imperialism as the receiving culture adopts the foreign values without perceiving the fact that they are, in fact, becoming slaves of a foreign culture. WORLD EXAMPLES OF CULTURAL IMPERIALISM English Cultural Imperialism English cultural imperialism has been rife in the history of cultural imperialism. Latin which has the Churchs official language to popularizing its national game all across its colonies was changed to English. The British Empire left no stone unturned to make sure that its subjects adhered to its cultural idiosyncrasies even decades after ceasing to be its subjects. The fact that Cricket is among the top ten most popular sports around the world with an estimated 3 billion fan following, especially in countries like Australia, India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, United Kingdom, New Zealand and certain African and Caribbean countries proves the strength of the English cultural imperialism. It is also a known fact that English is the third most spoken language after Mandarin and Spanish. Decades of dominion and repressive policies towards Tibet, Taiwan and various other neighboring regions by China has had a significant influence upon the religion and culture of these regions. The aggressive promotion of a standardized Chinese language across Mainland China and Taiwan indicates towards an attempted cultural imperialism aimed at overtaking regional dialects in these areas. Also, the fact that most traditional aspects of the Chinese culture pertaining to religious beliefs, festivals and social norms significantly inundate the socio cultural edifices of various Oriental countries indicate towards strongly existing cultural imperialism. The most widespread and still continuing instance of cultural imperialism can be seen in the form of Americanization. This is mostly due to the multitudes of commercial relationships the United States holds with a large number of countries in all parts of the world. This is definitely passive cultural imperialism and the countries that are most affected are those that have voluntarily adopted the stereotyped American lifestyle values and specific cultural aspects CULTURAL IMPERIALISM IN NIGERIA The Issue of Sagging Sagging has become the latest phenomenon among the male youths today in Nigeria. It is what is in vogue; if you have not exposed the lower part of your private, you belong to the old school system. What is sagging and where did it come from? According to Greg, M., sagging was adopted from the United States prison system where belts are prohibited. Belts are sometimes prohibited to keep prisoners from using them as weapons or in committing suicide by hanging themselves. The style was later popularized by hip-hop artists in the 1990s. It has since become a symbol of freedom and cultural awareness among some youths or a symbol of their rejection of the values of mainstream society. Jails are typically state run institutions. What usually happens is the state will order a set number of inmate uniforms. These uniforms are usually in general sizes like small, medium and large; making them ill-fitting for most inmates. When a medium sized inmate comes in and there are no remaining medium uniforms this inmate will receive a large instead. Prisoners are not allowed to have shoe laces or belts for fear theyââ¬â¢d use them to kill themselves (by way of strangulation or hanging), or as weapons to kill or injure other inmates. The combination of over sized clothing and lack of fastening devices created the perfect storm for falling pants. Many street hungry rappers latched on the dress of their incarcerated friends and family and brought the style to the masses. Thus a new trend was born and Nigerians have fallen into this trend Linguistic Imperialism Language is one of the principal elements in identifying a particular culture and the absence of it makes a culture unidentifiable. It is vital for cultural transmission and preservation. With the gradual loss of our indigenous languages in Nigeria, what culture are we then preserving? Ogwu, M., Agbanu, N. and Ofordile, J. describes Linguistic Imperialism as ââ¬Å"People who can relate with each other only through the medium of communication foisted on them by a former colonist are victims of a peculiar kind of Schizophreniaâ⬠. The use of our language is declining in Africa especially Nigeria because we are compelled to embrace Western culture and civilization as Western language. Western language has created a division between an elite and mass of our people who still cannot do business with foreign language. It causes alienation for people who cannot speak English or French. Language is a vehicle of culture; we are in a very serious problem. e.g. ââ¬Å"Professor Babafunwa project on local language as a basic tool of teaching in Nigeria was aborted because of the nature of our country.â⬠Parents also do not encourage their children or wards to speak in their local language as they belief it causes setback in their education. Fashion imperialism You hardly find few of our men, women and the youths who still embrace our cultural mode of dressing. Our people are going ââ¬Ëgagaââ¬â¢ with the western way of dressing thereby losing their root of African way of dressing. Itââ¬â¢s quite unfortunate that when expatriates and tourist who come to Nigeria appreciate our native attire while the owners of the heritage has seen it as something of old school and fashion. Tattoos have also become a common phenomenon. Both the young and old are stamping themselves all over the body with symbolic ââ¬Ëdevilishââ¬â¢ tattoos. Religious Imperialism Most churches in Nigeria today have gone the western way. When you go to some churches today, you marvel at the way some our ladies apparel. The custom of covering of hair has been eroded by the western way; all kinds of dressing are acceptable. The men or young male adults put on all sort of jewels and dress ââ¬Ëhaggardlyââ¬â¢. The sense of going to commune with God is lost. EFFECTS OF CULTURAL IMPERIALISM Moral Decadency Through the float of western culture into Nigeria through the advent of technology and globalization, there has been obvious moral decline in Africa and in Nigeria in particular. This moral decadence has permeated almost all spheres of our culture. Moral consciousness has been equated with awkward and odd life styles. According to Oshafu, H., in his article ââ¬Å"Cultural Imperialismâ⬠, this resulted due to Africaââ¬â¢s carelessness and failure to hold their culture with high esteem. He added that the moral excellence of African society has over night transformed into moral decay. Elders are no longer respected, our rapid festivals and ceremonies are now seen as ââ¬Å"old schoolâ⬠and we now have children of single parents, a phenomenon that is identifiable with America. People no longer communalize, nobody wants to be anybodyââ¬â¢s brotherââ¬â¢s keeper. Our mode of dressing has been totally distorted by western civilization through foreign films and media conten t. Today we seem not to have any cultural attire. Our people now prefer to go naked on the streets as against our culture, micro minis with handless tops has this to show. The acculturation of ââ¬Å"blue jean and hamburgerâ⬠has gradually found it way into young people in African society. The issue of dress code has led to controversies in our high institute in today. Cases of immoral dressing have also gave way to rapid sexual harassment among students and lecturers, bosses and their employees. Raping in our society today came as a result of reckless dressing code by ladies The traditional notion of chastity and virginity have been rendered absurd by pornographic and sleazy materials displayed on screens, distorting sexuality and condoning promiscuity, which has given rise to active homosexuality and lesbianism in our society today. These cases of reckless sex have led to the rapid spread of STDââ¬â¢s particularly, HIV/AIDs in our society today. Innocent children are dying of this disease. They paid dearly for the offence committed by their parents. This is immoral evil militating against the dignity of human person. Increase in Crime Rate With exposure to the western way of life, increase in crime rate is on high. Most of the films we watch on the television set are crime oriented thereby leading to increase in crime rate. In as much as there is positive impact of the television set, the negative aspect outweighs the good part, as the western world is teaching modern ways to crime though the kind of programmes being disseminated, which includes kidnapping, serial killing etc. Look for more points We have scholars who however belief that Cultural Imperialism theory regardless of its negative effect has its positive side. Cultural imperialism they say is not entirely bad as it increases the pace of development in Nigeria and other less developed countries. For example, in the giving away of media products free of charge or selling them at a very low price to these developing nations, the US actually accelerates the growth of the media industry and the advancement in technology, hence increasing the knowledge and skills of the people there. Their actions not only add on to actual growth; the subsequent increase in human capital further boosts potential growth, which is essential for the actual growth to be sustained in the long run. This investment in human capital goes a long way and benefits the country as it strengthens the competitive edge and increases productivity of the workforce. Economic growth is also achieved Even more so, being a developing nation, Nigeria would not have had the latest technology available to produce media products; it is only through the provision of the American companies that they are able to obtain state-of-the-art equipment. The advocacy of production of local-helmed programs would thus further enhance American influence on the nation. Despite government efforts to hinder cultural imperialism, they cannot completely eliminate the impacts of this influence as American media products have already found their way into the market and become a part of Nigeriaââ¬â¢s media production efforts. They need such ââ¬Å"interferenceâ⬠in order to keep their media industry alive WAY FORWARD Long Term Investment in the Development of our Mass Media One way cultural imperialism spreads is through the mass media. The local media imports foreign materials because it is cheaper than having to produce local indigenous content. An example of this issue is that indigenous journalists have to learn to transcribe and rewrite news by foreign news agencies rather than source for their own stories. Sometimes even rewriting local stories covered by the foreign news agencies. Our government and private investors should invest heavily in our local media and encourage the development of indigenous content that will reflect our culture, values, promote our languages etc. Media products like movies, news, music, advertising etc should be regulated to avoid the influx of foreign content. This is where organizations like the Nigerian Broadcasting Service come in. They should develop stronger laws and be strict in its enforcement of the laws such as the 60/40% rule (60% indigenous, 40% foreign). If the indigenous media products are of high quality, the citizens will be encouraged to consume them. This is so because a lot of people give the low quality of the products (movies, music, adverts, news etc) as reasons for not consuming them. If Nigerians consume indigenous media products, it will reflect in every area of our lives (culturally that is). An example is what is happening in the Nigerian music industry,. Because of the increase in local content in our music, it is now becoming acceptable and even encouraged to sing in our indigenous languages(Hausa, Yoruba, Igbo etc), dress in our native attires most especially Ankara and wear our national colors. There has been a rise in the popularity of Pidgin English as opposed to just speaking plain English. Also the teaching of our indigenous languages should be encouraged in our schools. All primary and secondary schools should be encouraged to teach at least one Nigerian language at all classes especially in the minority regions of the country where the minority languages are in danger of becoming extinct. Parents should further speak their native dialect with their wards or children to aid them to be conversant in their local dialect. Young adults today see it as a taboo or as inferiority complex speaking in their local dialect; it does not sound ââ¬Ëtushââ¬â¢ rather local parents more importantly should be more watchful and observant in the kind of foreign stations their children tune to for their programmes as media has become the primary means by which many of us experience or learn about many aspects of the world around us Stanley and Dennis, 5th edition,p.200). With the presence of technology, access to International broadcast station is at the tip of the hand, we have cables surrounding us and with just a remote control, you can be anywhere in the world learning and assimilating what is been impressed on you. As such supervision is needed to regulate what is been watched. Parents should devout time for their children while they are still young as most of the western values tend to catch them while they are still young just as the catch them young phrase. Another solution is to try to export our own culture as this will help in boosting tourism in Nigeria. We should conscious try to sell and promote our media products to the rest of the world. This will improve our image globally and help foreigners understand our culture, values, cuisine better. I would like to say at this point that we should not consume wholly indiginous media products. A little foreign content is still advisable as there has been some good aspects of cultural imperialism such as technological and educational advancement, political structure (democracy), eradication of some harmful practices like the killing of twins etc. We should take a balanced approach, like an 80 (indigenous))/20% (foreign). CONLUSION As a result of globalization and technological advancement, the western world has succeeded in dominating the third world countries. This notwithstanding should not be an excuse for Nigerians and other third world countries to be subjugated by the western world. Nigerian as a nation should fight cultural imperialism and fight back for our lost culture. One way by which this could be done is through Long Term Investment in the Development of our Mass Media as it is the major means by which cultural imperialism spreads. The local media imports foreign materials because it is cheaper than having to produce local indigenous content. An example of this issue is that indigenous journalists have to learn to transcribe and rewrite news by foreign news agencies rather than source for their own stories. Sometimes even rewriting local stories covered by the foreign news agencies. Our government and private investors should invest heavily in our local media and encourage the development of indigenous content that will reflect our culture, values, promote our languages etc. REFERENCES Anaeto, S. G., Onabajo, O. S. and Osifeso, J. B. (2008). Models and Theories of Communication. African Renaissance Books Incorporated. Dare, A., (2010). The Effects of Western Civilization and Culture on Africa. Afro Asian Journal of Social Sciences (1/1) Quarter IV Grifin, E. (2000). A first look at communication theory. (4th edition). Boston, MA: McGraw- Hill Littlejohn, S. W. (1999). Theories of human communication (6th edition). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth. Oshafu H. U. Cultural Imperialism. Accessed from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/culturalimperialism-examples.html on 12/11/2012. Ogwu, M., Agbanu, N., and Ofordile, J. (December, 2010). ââ¬Å"Sustaining Cultural Values Through the Promotion of Indigenous Languages in Nigeriaâ⬠Journal of Communication and Culture: International Perspective. (1/3), pp 76 Schiller, H. I. (1976). Communication and Cultural Domination. Armonk, NY: International Arts and Sciences Press. Accessed online on 29/10/2012. Critics of cultural imperialism theory. Encyclopedia of the New American Nation available Accessed at http://www.americanforeignrelations.com on 29/10/2012 apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7427055386319937551.post-15686142976466298512019-11-15T03:06:00.001-08:002019-11-15T03:06:04.219-08:00The Statue of Liberty Lending Credence to the Word Freedom in America EThe Statue of Liberty Lending Credence to the Word Freedom in America The Statue of Liberty is one of the most recognized artifacts of freedom in the world. It has the ability to create emotions that range from happiness to anger all at one time. The best way to analyze such a powerful image is to use Kenneth Burkeââ¬â¢s idea of pentadic analysis. By using this method of the analysis, we will be able to answer the rhetorical question: How does the Statue of Liberty lend credence to the word ââ¬Å"freedomâ⬠in America? To begin with, it is necessary to obtain some background on the Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty was given to the United States in 1886 as a gift from France and dedicated as a national monument in 1924 (1). Standing at approximately 46.50 meters and weighing 225 tons it was the largest structure, at the time, to have entered the United States via Ellis Island, New York (1). Before the entrance of the Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island was used as a border for immigrants who wanted to be a part of ââ¬Å"the land of the free and the home of the brave (2).â⬠With the coming of the Statue, there was something tangible for new Americans to see when they entered the country. With its newfound fame as the first visual representation of the immigrants, the Statue also soon became a link to the idea of freedom and a brighter future. In 1976, a renovation project began to fix some mistakes made in its initial transport to the United States. Lee Iacocca, CEO of the Chrysler Motor Corporation at the time (3), led this renovation. Iacocca began calling the Statue of Liberty, ââ¬Å"Lady Libertyâ⬠, as he was fixing the crown, torch and replacing the copper with bronze (3). This new title also shed some light on the significance of the Statue because now liberty and justice had taken over the form of a woman, tasked to watch over the United States like a mother does her children (3). With the background of the Statue of Liberty, we can move on to the importance of the application of Burkeââ¬â¢s pentad model in this artifact. Burkeââ¬â¢s initial idea of pentadic analysis stems from his view of dramatism (4). According to Burke, dramatism is a way of analyzing material with the desire to form a direct link between human motives and clusters of terminology (4). Foss (1996) points out that dramatism has two fundamental assumptions. The first assumption is t... ...-act, agency-agent, agency-purpose, purpose-scene, purpose-act, purpose-agent, and purpose-agency (4). For the purposes of this analysis, the ratio of act-purpose will be used. By ordering the ratio in this manner, we are stressing the fact that the act and the purpose have the most influential effects on the pentad. However the dominant factor in all of this is the act ââ¬â the representation of the American Dream and freedom. The significance of the act is defined by the historical struggle of creating a nation of independence and freedom, also referred to as the scene. The statue itself, the agency, communicates this message to the world and at the same time aims to carry out the underlined purpose, by persuading people to remember the ideals that our nation was founded upon. This is where the element attitude can enter the picture. As mentioned earlier, attitude deals with the manner in which the purpose is portrayed. The Statue of Liberty is an object and therefore does not have the ability to verbalize, however, the attitude seen in her towering presence and the stern look on her face reinforce the purpose and allow the message to be effective. The Statue of Liberty Lending Credence to the Word Freedom in America E The Statue of Liberty Lending Credence to the Word Freedom in America The Statue of Liberty is one of the most recognized artifacts of freedom in the world. It has the ability to create emotions that range from happiness to anger all at one time. The best way to analyze such a powerful image is to use Kenneth Burkeââ¬â¢s idea of pentadic analysis. By using this method of the analysis, we will be able to answer the rhetorical question: How does the Statue of Liberty lend credence to the word ââ¬Å"freedomâ⬠in America? To begin with, it is necessary to obtain some background on the Statue of Liberty. The Statue of Liberty was given to the United States in 1886 as a gift from France and dedicated as a national monument in 1924 (1). Standing at approximately 46.50 meters and weighing 225 tons it was the largest structure, at the time, to have entered the United States via Ellis Island, New York (1). Before the entrance of the Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island was used as a border for immigrants who wanted to be a part of ââ¬Å"the land of the free and the home of the brave (2).â⬠With the coming of the Statue, there was something tangible for new Americans to see when they entered the country. With its newfound fame as the first visual representation of the immigrants, the Statue also soon became a link to the idea of freedom and a brighter future. In 1976, a renovation project began to fix some mistakes made in its initial transport to the United States. Lee Iacocca, CEO of the Chrysler Motor Corporation at the time (3), led this renovation. Iacocca began calling the Statue of Liberty, ââ¬Å"Lady Libertyâ⬠, as he was fixing the crown, torch and replacing the copper with bronze (3). This new title also shed some light on the significance of the Statue because now liberty and justice had taken over the form of a woman, tasked to watch over the United States like a mother does her children (3). With the background of the Statue of Liberty, we can move on to the importance of the application of Burkeââ¬â¢s pentad model in this artifact. Burkeââ¬â¢s initial idea of pentadic analysis stems from his view of dramatism (4). According to Burke, dramatism is a way of analyzing material with the desire to form a direct link between human motives and clusters of terminology (4). Foss (1996) points out that dramatism has two fundamental assumptions. The first assumption is t... ...-act, agency-agent, agency-purpose, purpose-scene, purpose-act, purpose-agent, and purpose-agency (4). For the purposes of this analysis, the ratio of act-purpose will be used. By ordering the ratio in this manner, we are stressing the fact that the act and the purpose have the most influential effects on the pentad. However the dominant factor in all of this is the act ââ¬â the representation of the American Dream and freedom. The significance of the act is defined by the historical struggle of creating a nation of independence and freedom, also referred to as the scene. The statue itself, the agency, communicates this message to the world and at the same time aims to carry out the underlined purpose, by persuading people to remember the ideals that our nation was founded upon. This is where the element attitude can enter the picture. As mentioned earlier, attitude deals with the manner in which the purpose is portrayed. The Statue of Liberty is an object and therefore does not have the ability to verbalize, however, the attitude seen in her towering presence and the stern look on her face reinforce the purpose and allow the message to be effective. apbumbebag1986http://www.blogger.com/profile/14318437410985553895noreply@blogger.com0