Book reviews
Thursday, August 27, 2020
The Use of Sweetners and the Rise in Obesity Essay
The Use of Sweetners and the Rise in Obesity - Essay Example Sugars got acquainted with assistance decrease peopleââ¬â¢s admission of sugar. A sugar can be best portrayed as issue used to improve a beverage or food. This is for the most part instead of sugar. They got grouped into two fundamental classes: the nutritive sugars. These are the sugars that get processed in the body just somewhat; they got known to give food vitality incentive to the body. For instance, glucose, nectar, maltose and modify sugar. The other class of sugars is the nonnutritive sugars (Mendosa et al, 2008). These don't get processed as on account of the nutritive sugars. It is a result of this that they get said to contain an immaterial measure of food vitality esteem. Models incorporate cyclamates, sucralose and stevia. One of the sugars utilized instead of the sugar is Stevia. This is a characteristic nonnutritive sugar. It gets got from the leaves of the Bertoni plant which normally happens in the timberlands of southern America. Its name got given after the botanist wayfarer who found it in 1908. He was an Italian by the name Dr. Moises Santiago Bertoni. This plant had been in presence for a few years. The local populace knew and named it as kaa he-he, which implied nectar leaf (Etkins, 1997). They utilized its leaves to enhance the flavor of their unpleasant tea; they just as bit on the leaves for their sweet taste or in clinical elixirs. It was after Dr. Bertoniââ¬â¢s disclosure that such a mostly secret and uncommon plant turned out to be notable and celebrated. His disclosure empowered the plant to be gotten to by numerous individuals other than just the individuals who approached its normally happening natural surroundings. These being the local Indians who initially involved the land before the pilgrims came. In 1908, the main dried leaves of the plant got reaped and delivered as a sugar. It was not until 10 years after the fact that the plant got brought to the consideration of the United States government
Saturday, August 22, 2020
1.Was the British Empire a force for good Essay
1.Was the British Empire a power for good - Essay Example wistfulness for a progressively cultivated and amiable Greater Britain through TV programs, for example, This Sceptred Isle and Empireââ¬â¢s Children, while print pundits straightforwardly denounce it as a blood-recolored absolutism (Brendon, 2007). Student of history Lawrence James contends, ââ¬Ëploughing a recognizable furrow,ââ¬â¢ yet we ought to consistently be glad for the Empire that set up dependability, progress, and helpful organizations in states. In this examination paper, I attempted to characterize British Empireââ¬â¢s job as fortunate or unfortunate and reason that it was neither acceptable nor awful, however convoluted. One must contend that why there is discussion about it. For the most part, huge scope of British Empire and its enduring effect embodies a period wherein the entirety of the non-Europeans were commanded by Europeans. Another explanation behind contention about Empire is its limitlessness that opposes straightforward rundown, and hence, viewpoints on it additionally fluctuate ridiculously. It is feasible for Empireââ¬â¢s admirers or rivals to pick a few models so as to demonstrate that British guideline, overall, was fortunate or unfortunate, and its heritages as helpful or evil. Some affirm that it was a motor of modernization, while others accept that it was a vehicle of abuse (Jackson, 2013, p.4). As decolonization of European Empires encouraged during the 1960s, Jean-Paul Sartre composed that, ââ¬Å"â⬠¦It was only a belief system of falsehoods, an ideal legitimization for loot; its sugary words, its friendship of reasonableness were just justifications for our aggressionsà ¢â¬ (refered to in Jackson, 2013, p.4) while Niall Ferguson contends that British Empire was superior to different domains from a similar period. The record of British Empire isn't clean using any and all means, yet it gave us worldwide exchange and the standard of law (refered to in Jackson, 2013, p.4). With an end goal to investigate Empireââ¬â¢s credits, one may prompt the possibility that British Empire was a liberal domain. It was set up on the principals traditionally articulated by Edmund Burke, who stated that provincial government was a
Friday, August 21, 2020
Comparison and Contrast Essay Samples
Comparison and Contrast Essay SamplesThere are many different types of essays for college. Some examples are comparison and contrast essays, essay critiques, comparison essays, essay topics, and essay critiques. The topics vary and the forms of these essays are also different. A student may have to write an essay on one type of essay only, or may need to write a variety of them.There are also differences in the way that a student may need to format their essays. One may be to format the essay for analysis, while another may be for debate. Most college writing classes cover writing for both types of essay but they do not specialize in either. This is because there are so many styles and ways to write an essay. Each person who is writing must do what is best for them.Students who need to write a comparison and contrast essays may find the comparison and contrast essay samples easier than the regular style. This is because comparison and contrast essays have very little differences in t hem. Students can keep the same form and format as the regular type of essay they would normally write. This makes it easy for students to get started in this style. These examples allow a student to get familiar with this style without giving up too much of their own style.Many students will find that these essay samples are easiest to get started with. They do not need to worry about making a big change in how they write. This style is usually a simpler one than the regular style, because the topic of the essay can be kept the same. There are some key differences between these two formats, however.In the comparison and contrast format, the essay will be completely made out of your own opinion. The only thing that will change is the style of the writing. The opinions are not too important because they are already yours and cannotbe changed.In the regular style of essay, there are three main differences between the two styles. The first one is the topic. For the essay samples you wi ll write for comparison and contrast, the topic is more important. If you do not have a good topic, this style is not for you.The second difference is the form of the writing. The regular style of the essay is written in a straight forward way, which means that all the ideas are in the same place. There is no room for opinion. Students who need to do this style will be limited in what they can write.The last difference between comparison and contrast essay samples is the material that is used. The material that is used in comparison and contrast essays is sometimes of a more creative nature. It is meant to be based on facts rather than just something a student wants to write about. The material that is used in a regular type of essay is meant to be a personal opinion. This type of essay is more difficult to write.
Monday, May 25, 2020
Thursday, May 14, 2020
Lord Of The Flies Rhetorical Analysis - 1142 Words
ââ¬Å"There is a way that seemeth right unto man, but the end thereof are the ways of death.â⬠(The Bible, Prov. 16:25). Thoughts that come to men stem from their participation in society or their natural state of good and evil. However, societyââ¬â¢s morals mask the natural manââ¬âwho is more vulnerable to natural evil than good. Because of this, every man is susceptible to ignorance and savagery. William Golding exemplifies this idea in his novel Lord of the Flies. When a group of military boys find themselves stranded on a deserted island, their ignorance soon leads to the inevitable savagery present in the end of the novel. The maturation process of Ralph illustrates the fight between manââ¬â¢s tendencies of natural evil and natural good when moralsâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦At the time, Ralph heavily influences the boys and their actions for he resembles ââ¬Å"the men with the megaphonesâ⬠(18). He attempts to create order among the boys with rules, but most of the boys would rather play than follow the rulesââ¬âfor there are no adults to enforce them. With the role of leadership thrust upon him, Ralph has no choice but to stop playing games. His goals are to protect the boys and increase their chances of being rescued; however, the responsibility on Ralphââ¬â¢s shoulders soon begins to weigh him down. As ââ¬Å"Ralph [watches the boys], envious and resentfulâ⬠(75), the obligation to care for everyone on the island is a heavy burden to bear. His role as leader has forced Ralph to forget the joys of being an innocent kid and given him the encumbrance of responsibility, which causes the start of his maturation. As the order on the island begins to break down, Ralph tightly holds onto the idea of rescue. On the island, every responsibility is on his shoulders and will be until they leave. As he ponders his feelings, ââ¬Å"he [loses] himself in a maze of thoughts that were rendered vague by his lack of words to express themâ⬠(76). Daydreaming about home expresses his longing for civilized life and comfort; remaining in a state of innocence. However, he has matured a great deal since the beginning of the novel. As the leader, Ralph is held accountable for the group of boys. His recognition of this idea demonstrates his maturity, but also his longingShow MoreRelatedLord Of The Flies Rhetorical Analysis1214 Words à |à 5 PagesWilliam Goldingââ¬â¢s book Lord of the Flies focuses mainly on a group of boysââ¬â¢ who have been stranded on an uninhabited island where they face many problems with themselves and others. One of the many dilemmaââ¬â¢s within this story was the division of power between Ralph and Jack. They both had qualities of a leader, but they had different intentions with where they wanted to go; Jack was primarily the villain in this story showing savagery, while Ralph was civilized. So, why do the boysââ¬â¢ join someoneRead MoreMy First Day Of School917 Words à |à 4 Pagesmore academic tone by being able to identify most instances of colloquialism through past mistakes. Exemplary of my skills that I have gained above, several of my essays show the progression of my skills as I have written more. In my first Lord of the Flies essay, I used colloquial phrases such as, ââ¬Å"lo and behold,â⬠and informal verbs such as ââ¬Å"whisked.â⬠Despite that, I began to recognize phrases and signs of colloquialism in my own writing, and in my most recent essay, the documentary project, IRead MoreThe Freedom Writers And Romeo And Juliet905 Words à |à 4 Pageswhich was the Hunger Games and wrote an essay on. We read many short stories and even wrote one ourselves. For english we read Lord Of the Flies and Of Mice and Men among other books were we would always have an easy question followed by an essay. In both of these classes helped me develop structure called tieac which stands for topic, intro to evidence, evidence, analysis, and conclusion. Both my freshmen teachers helped me develop this structure for my essays. Our essays had to be typed in 12 inchRead MoreBiblical Allusions in Lord of the Flies2536 Words à |à 11 Pagesexpressed though disobeying my parents- In the end, I got burned. Similarly, in Sir William Goldingââ¬â¢s Lord of the Flies, biblical allusions are used to give additional meaning and depth to the book and to show the ways in which humans transfer their inner evil into outward behavior. Evil doesnââ¬â¢t begin from the outside world; instead it begins in the core of human beings. The novel Lord of the Flies shows the breakdown of society without authority, a code of conduct, and failure to maintain moralityRead MoreStudy Guide Literary Terms7657 Words à |à 31 Pages AP Literary and Rhetorical Terms 1. 2. alliteration- Used for poetic effect, a repetition of the initial sounds of several words in a group. The following line from Robert Frosts poem Acquainted with the Night provides us with an example of alliteration,: I have stood still and stopped the sound of feet. The repetition of the s sound creates a sense of quiet, reinforcing the meaning of the line 3. allegory ââ¬â Where every aspect of a story is representative, usually symbolicRead MoreThe Relationship Between Man and God Essay2522 Words à |à 11 Pagesspeaker in ââ¬Å"Carrion Comfortâ⬠appears to be further influenced by this era of struggle in Gerard Manley Hopkins life. In ââ¬Å"Carrion Comfort,â⬠the relationship between God and man appears to be primarily antagonistic. However, upon greater analysis of the imagery, rhetorical devices, and structure of the poem, an alternate interpretation is revealed. The speakerââ¬â¢s relationship with God is characterized by his recognition of Godââ¬â¢s superiority and omnipotence, and the resulting struggle toward understandingRead MoreAlexander Pope Essay6204 Words à |à 25 Pagesfirst version in 1712, when Pope was only 23 years old, the poem served to forge his reputation as a poet and remains his most frequently studied work. The inspiration for the poem was an actual incident among Popes acquaintances in which Robert, Lord Petre, cut off a lock of Arabella Fermors hair, and the young peoples families fell into strife as a result. John Caryll, another member of this same circle of prominent Roman Catholics, asked Pope to write a light poem that would put the episodeRead MoreBlack Beauty2282 Wo rds à |à 10 Pagesits publication. Black Beauty was distributed not only by booksellers, but also by campaigners for the animal rights. This novel served as an instrument in changing the attitude of the people towards horses and other domestic animals as well. Analysis Anna Sewell used Physiological Psychology approach in her novel Black Beauty. Physiological Psychology is the study of biological basis of behavior and mental processes. She specifically employed Ivan Pavlovââ¬â¢s Classical Conditioning and B.F. Skinnerââ¬â¢sRead MoreEssay Writing9260 Words à |à 38 Pagesopinion plays a significant role in the process. However, a certain objective standard needs to be maintained and, as in a persuasive essay, your assertions need to be proved. The formality of the review will be determined by how much of the essay is analysis, how much is summary, and how much is your reaction to the work you are reviewing. A more formal review will not only discuss the work on its own merits but also place it in context. Newspapers and popular magazines tend to review in terms of finance:Read MoreAmerican Literature11652 Words à |à 47 Pagespoetry? Good questions! This web page provides a quick overview of poetry analysis. Please note that this handout discusses the basics of poetry; there is much more to know about it than there is room to discuss here. Laurence Perrine s book LITERATURE: STRUCTURE, SOUND, AND SENSE can provide more detailed information about poetry analysis. Until you can get a copy of the book, I hope this page helps you begin your poetry analysis work. What is poetry ? Poetry goes beyond the rhyming of words. The
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Personal Statement On Massage Green Spa - 762 Words
Three days before I voluntarily resigned my position from Massage Green Spa, there was an incident that took place, which resulted in my lack of trust from the organization. When I was working for Massage Green Spa, I usually was one of the therapists that close on Sunday nights. Forty-five minutes prior to closing, I did not have a massage scheduled, so I decided to clean the bathrooms in preparation for closing. Halfway through the cleaning, I was interrupted by the receptionist to notify me that we had a last minute walk-inn. I expressed my frustration that the client will only have time for twenty-five minutes and I am not prepared to massage someone after just handling cleaning chemicals. I stopped what I was doing and went up front to explain to the client that I cannot do a full body massage in twenty-five minutes. The male client express that he did not care and that he would leave a nasty yelp review. I took the client back to the massage room and told him to lay face down u nder the sheets. When I entered the room to start the massage, the man was laying naked face up on top of the sheets. As I was getting him covered with a blanket, I stressed to him that he needs to remain covered and draped. Once I started the session, he made an attempt to grab and touch me inappropriately. I told him that the session is now over; this behavior is not okay at this establishment. I left the room and stormed upfront to tell the receptionist what had just happened. I immediatelyShow MoreRelatedServices Marketing Integrating Customer Focus Across the Firm5578 Words à |à 23 Pagesrefrigerators, dishwashers and microwaves is an example of a(n) _______.à A.à Service B.à Experience C.à Attribute D.à Good E.à Benefit à Difficulty: Easy à 3.à (p.à 4)à When Heather goes to the local gym, she has a personal trainer who helps make sure she is using the equipment correctly. The personal trainer is an example of a(n):à A.à Service B.à Experience C.à Attribute D.à Good E.à Benefit à Difficulty: Easy à 4.à (p.à 4)à Many people when they go on vacation are choosing to leave their dogs in posh pet resortsRead MoreCustomer Relationship Management16994 Words à |à 68 Pagesindividualize their marketing efforts. As a result, producers do not need those functions formerly performed by the middlemen. Even consumers are willing to undertake some of the responsibilities of direct ordering, personal merchandising, and product use related services with little help from the producers. 7 Customer Relationship Management Another force driving the adoption of CRM has been the Total quality movement. When theRead MoreGoodlife Fitness Essay12449 Words à |à 50 PagesCanada | International | Ontario, Canada | Child-minding Services | 6 months ââ¬â 12 years | Infant ââ¬â 6 years | 2 years ââ¬â 11 years | Pool | Yes (11 locations) | Yes | Yes | Squash Courts | Yes | Yes | Yes | Fitness Classes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Personal Training | Yes | Yes | Yes | Basketball Courts | No | Yes | Yes | Sports Leagues | No | Leagues vary depending on location | Basketball and Volleyball leagues | 1-3: Current Customers Target Audiences The main target audience of GoodLifeRead MorePurpose of Evaluating Customer Service Policies26269 Words à |à 106 Pages(HK) Centre for Food Safety, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department ii Introduction to Hospitality Introduction A set of curriculum support package of tourism and hospitality learning and teaching materials is being developed by the Personal, Social and Humanities Education Section of Curriculum Development Institute, Education Bureau for the implementation of the senior secondary Tourism and Hospitality Studies curriculum in schools. The curriculum support package is comprised ofRead MorePurpose of Evaluating Customer Service Policies26276 Words à |à 106 PagesANTOR (HK) Centre for Food Safety, Food and Environmental Hygiene Department ii Introduction to Hospitality Introduction A set of curriculum support package of tourism and hospitality learning and teaching materials is being developed by the Personal, Social and Humanities Education Section of Curriculum Development Institute, Education Bureau for the implementation of the senior secondary Tourism and Hospitality Studies curriculum in schools. The curriculum support package is comprised of eightRead MoreHk Disney16299 Words à |à 66 Pagesrecommendations were formed based from the current 8Ps, secondary research materials and from the results of a UAI survey. In order to support the proposed service plan, this paper also includes investment plans, estimates of profitability (income statement) and an evaluation of results. II. Scope and Limitations In order to make this service marketing plan, the researchers conducted both primary and secondary research to gather relevant information. The secondary researchRead MoreCosmetic Industry Analysis28098 Words à |à 113 Pagescosmetic industry, since companies will put more effort and time in R D. They need to produce more product innovation which is different with their rivals so that they can attract more consumers. (http://www.firstresearch.com/Industry-Research/Personal-Care-Products Manufacturing.htm). The RD budget that spends by the major company in cosmetic industry ââ¬â Lââ¬â¢Oreal in 2006 had cost â⠬ 533 millions. Even other competitors such as Shiseido also spend â⠬119 millions during 2006. There isRead MoreLodging Inductry24737 Words à |à 99 Pagesindustries. The hospitality and travel industry combine to form the foundation for tourism. The Hong Kong airport alone will eventually be able to handle 87 million visitors per year. All will be traveling to and from Hong Kong for business and personal reasons that will involve many hospitality related businesses worldwide. Examples: hotels, restaurants, timeshare, casinos, airlines, cruise lines, car rental. Objective: 2. Define the role of marketing and discuss its core concepts. RecommendedRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words à |à 696 PagesMarketing Management, 14e (Kotler/Keller) Chapter 1 Defining Marketing for the 21st Century 1) Which of the following statements about marketing is true? A) It is of little importance when products are standardized. B) It can help create jobs in the economy by increasing demand for goods and services. C) It helps to build a loyal customer base but has no impact on a firms intangible assets. D) It is more important for bigger organizations than smaller ones. E) It is seldom used by nonprofit
Tuesday, May 5, 2020
Prevention practices free essay sample
The United States Centers for Disease Control estimates that each year one in twenty hospital patients will contract a Healthcare Associated Infection (HAI). When further examined, the number of infected patients is approximately 1. 7 million per year resulting in nearly 99,000 deaths (CDC, 2011). Due to numbers like this, healthcare organizations, professional associations, and patient advocacy groups have all launched initiatives showing a universal response to this national healthcare priority. Chief among these initiatives was the collaboration between The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America and the Disease Society of America. The SHEA-IDSA joint publication on HAI prevention builds a professional foundation for healthcare facilities in the Unites States to mitigate the risk of HAI infected patients. The prevention strategies begin by identifying the most common HAIs, their causes, and detailing the both the human and financial costs associated with HAIs. Using this information, SHEA and ISDA created prevention strategies to combat each HAI. This essay will follow the SHEA-IDSA template by detailing information on the most common Healthcare Associated Infection and provide detailing prevention strategies. According to the United States Centers for Disease Control and the SHEA-IDSA report, the most common Healthcare Associated Infection are Central Line Associated Blood Stream Infections or CLABSI. With nearly 50% of all ICU patients requiring a central line, the amount of recorded CLABSI infections is extremely high. The research on CLABSI indicates the most common pathogens are Staphylococcus Aureus, Enterococci, and Candida. To better understand the nature of CLABSI incident and therefore employ prevention strategies one must understand the dynamic of a central line. The National Healthcare Safety Network defines a central line as ââ¬Å"a catheter whose tip terminated in a great vesselâ⬠(IHI, 2011). The catheter on a central line punctures the skin, which by default makes bacterial and fungal infections possible. Once the infection has entered the body it can spread to the blood stream. The infection can then cause hemodynamic changes possibly causing death of a patient. Proof of an infection is found in the recovery of a pathogen from a blood culture from a patient who had a central line. For declarative purposes, a pathogen not commonly present on the skin must only be found in one culture whereas a pathogen commonly found on the skin must be detected in two or more cultures. In order to be confirmed as a central line infection, the central line must have been installed a minimum of two days prior to the development of the infection and there must be no other apparent source of the infection. Regarding the cost of Healthcare Associated Infections; both are indicators of the enormity of the problem. As mentioned earlier the 2010 CDC report titled ââ¬Å"Preventing Healthcare-Associated Infectionsâ⬠stated 1. 7 million cases occur each year in the United States. According to the same report 99,000 cases result in death. The Institute for Healthcare Improvement estimates that of these 99,000 deaths, up to 4,000 are a direct result of bloodstream infections. The human cost dwarves the financial costs, which alone have a crippling effect on the healthcare industry. Reflecting on the Institute for Healthcare Improvement report, each CLABSI incident prolongs hospitalization on average of seven days. Each infection costs between $3,700 and $29,000. Having established the common CLABSI incidents, identifying the risk of infection, and examining the cost, it is time to move into prevention strategies. The Institute for Healthcare improvement established the industry standard for central line infection strategies in what are known as Care Bundles. ââ¬Å"The IHI ââ¬Å"Central Line Bundle is a group of evidence-based interventions for patients with intravascular central catheters that, when implemented together, result in better outcomes than when implemented individually. The five components of the bundle are proper hand hygiene, maximum barrier precautions, chlorhexidine skin antisepsis, optimal catheter site selection, and daily review of line necessity. The most basic step in CLABSI prevention is hand washing. (IHI, 4/23/2011) The IHI guidelines specify that healthcare professionals need to wash hands before and after catheter care, when dressings are changed, and the central lines are accessed. Furthermore patients should be taught when and how to properly wash hands. This education extends to family members ofà the patients. Along with basic hygiene, patients should also be taught to avoid handling or manipulating central lines. Emphasis on sterility and hygiene are reinforced in the second IHI guideline known as Maximum Barrier Precautions. The medical stuff is required to wear caps, masks, sterile gowns, and sterile glove when central lines are inserted. The patient must also be covered head to toe with a sterile drape except for a small opening at the catheter insertion site. (IHI, 4/30/2011) The third IHI precaution is Chlorohexidine. Studies indicate using Chlorohexidine for skin preparation prior to central line insertion or when changing dressings is more effective than other solutions such as povidone-iodine or alcohol. To properly cleanse the treatment area, Chlorohexidine must be applied for at least 30 seconds and the solution must dry completely before inserting a central line. The use of antiseptics like Chlorohexidine is not reserved just for patients. Studies have shown that coating or impregnating catheters with antiseptics have reduced the risk of infections. The overall benefits however are questionable when examining the practice from a cost benefit perspective. This is due to statistically insignificant differences in the rate of infections when using impregnated or non-impregnated catheters. (Lai, N. et al, 2013) The next precautions cited in the IHI bundle are optimal catheter site selection and daily central line review (IHI, 4/30/11-B). One key component of site selection is found in conducting a risk/benefit analysis. The treating physician is capable of such an analysis. In general the IHI guidelines suggest avoiding the femoral artery for central lines. When treating adult patients, they also suggest a preference to the subclavian site over a jugular site when using non-tunneled central lines. A daily review of a patientââ¬â¢s central line is also necessary. The risk of infection increases the longer a catheter is in place therefore a daily check must be conducted to ensure the line is still needed. A daily review will also facilitate the removal of un-needed lines. It is important to note that scheduling catheter removals or replacement at scheduled intervals, every three days for example, has not lowered the risk of infection. The key element missing in scheduled removals is the daily, in-person review. Implementation and compliance of IHI Bundle Precautions is multi-faceted requiring continuing education and revised staffing practices (NGC, 2013). Healthcare professionals must be trained in proper procedures for avoiding central line infections. Procedures include catheter insertion and maintenance. To ensure the guidelines are followed and the education is effective, each healthcare site should enact a compliance committee and empower the committee to conduct periodic reviews of central line procedures. Among the many precautions cited above the committee should create a central line checklist and make the checklist available to all staff members. Furthermore the committee can create a culture of central line safety by ensuring cleaning agents are prominently placed at all hand-washing stations, each supply chart stocked with chlorhexidine kits and other sterile items like masks and gloves. Physical compliance checks would also be in the purview of the committee and can be seen in the form of integrating daily central line checks with multidisciplinary rounds and requiring central line records showing the date and time of the line placement. The compliance committee will also be charged with reviewing the facilityââ¬â¢s staffing procedures. This is necessary because studies indicate the risk of patient central line infection increases when there is an elevated patient to nurse ratio. The studies have also indicated that the use of ââ¬Å"pool nursesâ⬠in ICU settings contributes to increased risk of infection. Where IHI guidelines were introduced and adhered to, the number of CLABSI incidents dramatically decreased. For example, from 2001 to 2009 there was a 58% reduction which saved nearly $1. 8 billion in excess healthcare costs. This represents nearly 6,000 lives saved through proper protocols. When looking at two years in this range, 2008 and 2009, the reductions are impressive. For example, in 2008 there were approximately 37,000 cases of central line infections in patients receiving outpatient hemodialysis. In 2009 there were 23,000 cases among patients receiving inpatient treatment. While the number of cases in these areas is still high, the statistics reveal they are declining (CDC, 2011). The authors of this paper had the opportunity to complete their clinical hours at two different facilities; Banner Health Network and Dignity Network. The authors found that both facilities set a goal of completely eliminating CLABSI and created a culture to facilitate this goal. Aside form the overall improvement in patient care such a goal will be financially beneficial for the facilities. This is in large part due to changes in funding rules that state healthcare facilities will no longer be reimbursed for CVC associated bloodstream infections because they are considered to be largely preventable. Both facilities visited by the authors strictly adhere to the IHI central line bundle concept. Each of them also added new elements to make the bundle even more successful. For example, both sites use biopatch to prevent bacteria access at the site of a CVC insertion. They also instituted guidelines for routine dressing changes and cover the line hubs with alcohol-impregnated caps when lines are not in use. In addition, both facilities empower nurses to supervise the insertion procedure and stop the procedure if any steps are skipped. As covered previously, catheter-related bloodstream infections cause life threatening complications, increase morbidity, dramatically increase expenses and above all are largely preventable. Study after study on the issue proves that adherence to strict guidelines pertaining to central line treatment, like the IHI bundle, dramatically decreases the number of CLABSI incidents and the amount of money spent on treatment. Instituting and maintaining a culture focused on CLABSI prevention is necessary in all healthcare facilities. Such a culture not only fosters a safe treatment environment but also allows each healthcare professional to personally advocate for their patientsââ¬â¢ health and recovery.
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