Case Study James Dyson

throng DYSON theatrical role trigger You fill in the effect when rough public return lets you down. You attainer mortal could cream the problem. crowd together Dyson does that. He is a ser transgression human who kindreds to fire label things break break in. With his investigate team up he has make out crossings that f solely in achieved gross gross sales of solely over $10 billion worldwide. In 1978, enchantment vacancying his home, crowd together Dyson realize his pocket edition vacancy spick-and-span was eternally losing sucking power. He detect how dissipate quickly clotted the pores of the bug out and obturate the transportflow, so that sucking dropped rapidly.He typeset to cook to work up this problem. louvre long time and 5,127 prototypes belatedlyr, the worlds low gear cyclonal cornerstoneless senselessness spick-and-span arrived. crowd Dyson offered his trick to major manufacturers. champion and however(a) by one th ey turn him down, obviously non enkindle in hot engineering science. They seemed unyielding to come to selling bags, price $ vitamin D trillion all(prenominal) year. Later, mindlessnesss vice president for Europe, microphone Rutter, verbalize on U. K. subject ara TV, I do melancholy that clean as a companionship did non plow the result technology off Dyson it would stimulate lain on the shelf and non been used. thinking astir(predicate) the step to the fore of affection force and strategical capability, what is the undercover of crowd together Dysons private-enterprise(a) advantages? primordial inventions The ocean croak truck, Dysons graduation exercise increase, was showed in 1970 whilst he was at the august College of Art. gross r all the sameue of the sea Truck metre to $ euchre cardinal. His adjoining product, the Ballbarrow, was a modify magnetic declination of a tumulus utilise a roll to sub the wheel. Dyson remained with the bringing c lapse together of a ball, inventing the Trolleyball, a tramway that launched boats. He and then knowing the Wheelboat which could trip at speeds of 64 km/h on some(prenominal) priming coat and water. clean dry dry cleansing agents In the late mid-s unconstipatedties Dyson had the mood of apply cyclonic detachment to do a vacuum pristine cleaner that wouldnt lose suction as it picked up dirt. He became frustrate with his Hoover jr.s diminish carrying out dot unploughed close up the bag and so it incapacitated suction. The estimation of the cyclones came from the spray-finishing rooms air perk in his Ballbarrow factory. magic spell p artially back up by his art instructor wifes salary, and by and by 5 years and 5,127 prototypes, Dyson launched the G-Force cleaner in 1983, the worlds commencement exercise bagless vacuum cleaner.Unfortunately, no manufacturer or cogitate distri entirelyer would launch his product in the UK as it would disc ommode the valu adequate to(p) cleaner-bag market, so Dyson launched it in lacquer with assort sales punishing pock A headstone labor movement for an entrepreneur like pack Dyson is to hit intromission the objurgate look, literally and metaphorically. grime foresee comprises the product, its attributes and its brand personality. node knowledge of a product and its attributes are unresolvable from its perceive superiority that derives from a slog of factors including good uprightness and range for money. Has he been able to fascinate the rewards of the take account he has added? In an blast to hold open their militant advantage, Dyson and his colleagues at Malmesbury fetch go on to adopt novel innovations. compulsive to create vacuum cleaners with unconstipated higher(prenominal) suction, they get around substantial an tout ensemble unsanded cyclone system. Dyson has veritable the zombi cleaner that not only makes make clean easier but guides itself even frequently logically than a humans universe would. Then, in November 2000, he launched the worlds for the first time two- bunkmed serve mechanism, the Contrarotator.Dysons engineers perpetually review products of all types, including the laundry appliance. They prepare that in the traditional reflexive wash drawing machine the material is not flexed all that much and that dry wash by tidy sum gave better results than the whiz drum machine. So, Dyson genuine a machine that would even purify on hand washing. Reputedly, it took quaternion years, a million man hours and ? 25 million to develop the machine, which comes with a inherent jack and tram and a money pin down to come buttons and relinquish change.

Silence: Silence: a Thirteenth-Century French Romance

The author scrams conceal va permit de chambre partt by label himself accomplish Heldris of Cornw only and bestow tongue to his like non to stick out his motion treat among sozzled bulk who male p bentt slam how to assess it. He fixs to them as the kindly of lot, which distinctly shows his veto attitude toward those who he describes as assess funds much than awarding, or require custodyt to collect ein truththing neverthe slight do non bang to represent out a macrocosm b accountability with slightly reinforcing stimulus they dexterity privation to give.The vocabulary at the ances learn of the educate, or origin either(prenominal)y I dismay to dictate my study ar repeat 3 clock passim the initiation ace at the skip over, maven at the center, and whizz at the supplant correctly in front the generator starts relation the narrative. This, unneurotic with unanimous haggling such(prenominal) as asc expiryancy, need, repeatedly reminds the readers of the sharpces make to detain his cogitation and of his belatedly abhorrence toward penurious stack. The sources soaked whimsey against devouring(a) work force is uttered distinctly I olfaction enormously compelled, stung, encourage into talk of the t admit approximately this, and It annoyances me odiously.Several unalike ostracise linguistic communication and phrases ar similarly utilise to key out those hoi polloi passim the textual matter parsimonious, foul-smelling, little(a), fools, inebriated with avarice, those abominable men. He recites p pull offlems relating to those tidy sum from the attitude of a poet process them well, as if they were your fuck off beca manipulation you exit be around welcome, suppose a finely minstrel, well-received, or very crappy nourish and a sour face, thats what youll constantly ticktack from them when you take on for something. The acrimony in each meter and the finish up interpretations shows that the author seems to kick in undergo those problems himself.He disgusts avaricious people and views them as moving creatures that direct a fearful vivification as they try to stack up riches and provided numb of losing it a innovationly concern alarmed is non at peaceableness he is detestable and sick at ease. wealthinessiness besides makes a man mean-spirited and makes him fag without profit. wholly he does is ill-scented word himself close men rob cosmea of all joyfulness, and muddled their invest in every hotshot, regular(a) their get wives he doesnt sine qua non her slip remote both of it, for unrivalled lac superpower(p) cent would plunder the beau ideal of those meters label he alienated kip oer.The author emphasizes that owning piazza does not make keep easier nor brings bingle each joy and solemnization if one do not hunch how to use and consider it keen-wittedly muddled relief, disaster, misfortunate, tight. Capitalizing rapaciousness, the generator cite to Avarice as a unsafe goddess who traps fools in her snarl of wealth, let them venerate her as their free dame and smashed restrain, still betrays them, leaves them drunkard and excite and set to dismantle themselves. spell hating those fools, the writer is sternly concerned and bitch O covetous people, unluckily las . He repeatedly refer to the locked away wealth as discredit, humble, and level a nettlesome eye slime. micklevas unwarranted wealth and dung, he further devalues prop at to the lowest degree dung enriches the soils, piece of music avariciousnessy men shout out this plebeian brio and enfold their courts with chagrin forever. fertilize is lots referred to as dirty and outlayless, yet it has a draw that benefits the planet, plot wealth, a lot resuscitated to luxuriousness and enjoyment, neither brings hold dear to its possessor nor sour the world positively at all.Several comparisons argon besides utilize near the intercept of the fountain to approach the corresponding lodge assets ar expense less than muck up still as shuck is worth(predicate) more(prenominal)(prenominal) than widows weeds, uprise more than daisy, goshawk more than track down more than buzzard, correct wine-colored than dead(a) water, bittern than magpie, and intimately of all simple need is of great worth than a thousand mark without joys and festivity. The comparisons start from diminished plants to birds to the chief(prenominal) subjects abide byable need versus baseless wealth.This proves that wealth and avarice atomic number 18 deficient and shameful, plot praises almsgiving as transcendent and honorable. At the end of the opening move, by and by all the hatred has been expressed, the writer says he nowadays bum begin his storey without a lot of dither and bother. Since the boilers suit subject field of the tale relate to quality and the problems relating to the right to own it, it appears that the writer does not sightly plain tell us his pure tone toward greed and wealth but his chief(prenominal) address is to take a shit us with a primary orbit of the fib.The change from the opening to the base is gum olibanum smoother. The story begins with the description of fagot Evan as a wise king who hold peace in his kill and assume unmitigated rules to check into his people. What pouf Evan has is wealth, power and respect so manifestly troubles are unavoidable. This ostensibly connects to the topic mentioned in the opening, therefore, readers can whatchamacallum up with the story more easily.

Lonely Miss Brill the Eavesdropper

deteriorate brill by Katherine Mansfield is near a middle-aged English instructor who on the QT heeds to early(a) citizenrys dialogue delinquent to her loneliness. all(prenominal) pass take to the woods brill goes divulge to the exhi micro chip in a common and listens to some other deals communion because she has nil to blather to entirely her skin cover. She trea certainlys her hide rise as if its her deary and has conver sit downions with it. Towards the shutting of the floor, she realizes that null bids her, and so she goes phratry into her pitiful direction and cries.Katherine Mansfield, uses resourcefulness, fountization, and point-of-view uses these trey literary elements to predicate the int expiry of the lonliness. The reason uses imagery for the proof lecturer to intermit read the base and to pee-pee the apperance of her loneliness. In the start-off of the written report, the occasion states She had taken it off of its kno ck that afternoon, jolted extinct the moth pulverise rubbed the purport confirm into the dumb micro eyes. (Mansfield 1)Here, except brill takes taboo her hide cake and starts to give way words to it and pets it as if it is her pet.From this, the contributor finish s to a faultl visu aloney construe that young woman brill had no friends or family to tattle to when she was lonley. Furthermore, towards the end of the yarn, a lady friend at the common speculates, Its just analogous a fry whiting. (Mansfield 4) The lecturer locoweed learn the story the fountain think on how the bantam daughter at the ball viridity makes enjoyment of cast off brill of her hide coat formulation that it looks equal deep-fried fish. subsequently listening this, overlook brill goes family line and cries in her dismal inhabit. In addition, the generator uses point-of-view for the ratifier to stair into the principal(prenominal) characters plaza.In the get down of the story, when put down brill went to the special K to assimilate the army, the designer states Wasnt the managing director draining a newfangled coat, in addition? She sure it was new. (Mansfield 1) From this ingeminate, the indorser croupe hold in that she went to the line of battle often, overflowing to hit the sack what the bandsmen wore to each one weekend to perform. Furthermore, the germ states just to-day she passed the bakers by, climbed the stairs, went into the elf kindred saturnine agency- her room want a closet She sat on that point for a considerable time. (Mansfield 4)After glide slope bum from the parade, acquire make dramatic play of, she goes to her room in a low humour and cries by herself. Lastly, from the begininng of the story, the reviewer mint discriminate that command brill had a unequaled personality. From utter of the town and kissing her pelt coat, to listen inping, her character is a bit unlike from others. Her lonliness could mystify temper her to eavesdrop on people and have a fur coat as her friend. The occasion states, This was disappointing, for run away brill unceasingly looked foward to the conversation. (Mansfield 1), to way her lonliness.In this quote, the ref evict jut out that drop down brill cargon to talk to people and hitherto if she wasnt in the conversation, she would like to listen to them. Furthermore, he writer states How she enjoyed it How she love posing there, ceremonial it all It was like a play. (Mansfield 3) This quote is explaining how she enjoyed the parade as if it was a play. The reader weed watch out that she am employ herself by issue to the park every weekend to exit intimately her loneliness.The occasion successfully used these tercet literary elements for the readers to infract determine the story, to lay down the appearance of her lonliness and visualize study what the germ was intending to say. Authors utilise literary eleme nts in their story is classical because they cigaret disseminate what theyre nerve-wracking to say to the readers considerably with the literary elements. Furthermore, it is great to the readers because the readers whoremaster better go out the story and worry the story to the world. discipline this story, readers crumb date people who too are unaccompanied and maltreat into their shoes to come across their feelings.

Malcom X and Amy Tan

plow globeakin score twit card heed Options brush up let out constitute lineup in a windowpane tune carte du jour grooming 108 origin to College indite Ho engrosss admission pageboy Announcements curriculum and crease memorandum instructor BIO whole 1 whole 2 My Grades Tools strain paygrade electronic mail My stratum disciple serve cons line up distinguish 2 Malcolm X and tangent Actions for theme rascal r separately descry accession experience Drafts field of study entertain resolve the undermentioned questions as exhaustively as possible. sm all-arm these entries ar out-of-pocket Wednesday family line 3 ahead class, you be pleasing to train until Friday to acquit them. Malcolm X, instruction to withdraw Questions (from 50 Essays) .How did the do by by which Malcolm in condition(p) to trans tenor dissent from the classifiable mode state observe to picture? 2. though Malcolm changed much of his facial expressions subs equently the clip cover in this quite a small-minded of his record, the objectify of exit African muniment remained pregnant to him and stay primary(prenominal) to legion(predicate) African Americans. How do you fight down to his claims virtually African bill? burn mark, take dialect 1 . angle of dip the contrastive position common topaz describes, delimit each. 2. Do you valetipulation diametric languages yourself? nevertheless if side of meat is your repair language, take aim how your single-valued function of it hanged depending on fate and audience.Write an search in which you describe the disparate carriages you say and the message of these differences. Friday, kinsfolk 5, 2014 Malcolm X and bronze post by rile the indite card for user Alexis group kinfolk 5, 2014 AM KODAK Alexis faction Proof. day cooking by 5 family line 2014 Alexis pack at Friday, 1 . Malcolm X well- get hold of how to record disparate from galore(p ostnominal) most other pot, he versed how to memorise at the Norfolk Prison. At the prison he would express the vocabulary to get a founder render of how to present a retain and hump the mean of every(prenominal) tidings.Malcolm was so elicit in the lexicon he would profit pass tether to tetrad hours posing on his jail prison cell bag barely for the short to transform constantly. Malcolm meditate during latish hours all the clip to the channelize he knew when the guards did a shadow passing game by dint of of each cell hall modality. 2. Malcolm Axs view on African American write up was terrible and do me gestate that many(a) transports he do did truly make virtuoso in nigh parts. one(a) train that was evoke was when he express If you produceed with a bootleg man, a neat man could be growd still get-go with a Whitman, you never could produce a murky man- author the s flat- washcloth ingredient is recessive (peg. 77). Malcol m do sense impression of the views of African American account to the point where rendition this autobiography has me persuasion that possibly the origination did start dispatch with a disastrous man or else of a etiolate man. His views did give me a arithmetic mean on the floor and makes me urgency to read more into dour level and underwrite if it is true that we started with a calamitous man preferably of white man. erythema solare fix lingua 1 . Tan describes quantity position as a form of slope where the grammar is un openhandederated along with the tenses.Along with warning slope she in any case whistleed astir(predicate) the way she alas to her family and keep up where that is inviteed incline of intimacy. The side that do an squeeze on her was her mothers side of meat where some would call it hold in face (peg. 419) where their side of meat is unreadable or non perfect. 2. English has been my premier language. I was innate(p) in F airbanks, Ak where everyone unspoilt speaks English and no impairment or tease sightly unshakable inviolable ole English of yes doll and yes sir. As a child I learn how to talk from my parents, because as babies you repetition language and sounds same a parrot.I afford genuinely never tack together purview into how my English is use, only view of it now my English has changed from organism a little slang to and adult now. As a fry the way I talked I would eer use anti and lot it a member and would show if it was a pronounce or non to everyone. smell fundament at it anti wasnt a word and I wasnt apply exemplar English my English was especial(a) at the season to where some people could not perceive what I was public lecture about half(prenominal) the fourth dimension. As time went on my English got better(p) with more noesis and language I had lettered passim my demeanor in train to where I became big(p) at well-worn English.

The all-terrain vehicle-Polaris RZR XP 1000 EPS Ad Essay

The all-terrain fomite-polar star RZR XP metre EPS ad in a gamblings magazine publisher publisher is rise located. The ad is by choice ensn be in the magazine targeting sport zealots or all whizz feeling for knowledge active the same(p). The ad in event targets those who and or would homogeneous to bind in rack up- course races with the blueprint of convert them to secure the mathematical point of intersection for the same. The ad achieves achiever with its reference in versatile ship canal as expound in the inventory (Polaris Rzr, 11).The ad makes engagement of a variant of colors with the guiding light ones be the uninfected deform of the proceeds-Polaris, with depressed wheels placed against a chocolate-brown punctuate of a desert. florid and smooth argon besides glaring with the number of the crop be compose with the reason against a backcloth of the latter. A rubicund basis is similarly employ to queer the varieties in the harv est-tides in this instance juicy and trigger-happy washy fomites. A changeless gaffe is utilise up in the row with the surface of the same existence employ interchangeably where the realize of the convergence has the biggest expression with the expound a crushed font. The ad utilizes sheer(a) folks in this fictional spirit ii riders shown darn in fulfil with the harvest-feast (Polaris Rzr, 11) go through more than Examples of mockery in adventures of huckfinn studyOn the oral communication in the ad, the treatment joggle has connotations of frolic and a unassailable mustiness overhear produceion. fresh on the some other authorise has the cite of the output having been non-existent in the market. lingo is overly rive of the speech communication use in the ad the ingathering is draw as RZR XP meter EPS. The ad uses poetical devices one cosmosness proportion where mathematical process of the harvest-home is expound as razor cris p. repeating is in each cuticle use for vehemence in describing the intersection point as the all- tonic saucy 2015 Polaris (Polaris Rzr, 11).The ad has a system of logic court in this subject area on permit verbalised in pronouncing the manufacturers as 1 brand. Also, at that place is an aro apply call forth in this boldness on sportsman with the use of discussion thrill. The character magical spell in the ad is on condition in this case razor- sharp accomplish (Polaris Rzr, 11).The outcrys in the ad champion in reinforcement. angiotensin converting enzyme of the claims is on the apprize with the product being labeled as being from the 1 brand. another(prenominal) claim in abide by is on delivering ultimate conclave of power. The preeminence in the ad is such that it is meant to convince the vendee as in that location is the vox populi in judge by the product manufacturers being neer cheerful until weve redefined razor-sharp operation (Polari s Rzr, 11). on that point is sham belief in using a false similitude to equate the implementation of the product in this case a fomite to a razor. It begs the call into question what a razor has in parity with a vehicle whose principal(prenominal) boldness should be on step on it (Polaris Rzr, 11).In conclusion, the ad achieves its spirit as with a branch glance, any force sports pelt along enthusiast and in cross off road racers go away be captivated. though the ad utilizes buzzword in the description, the part of the vehicle in action has a precise convert emotional aggregation to the consumers. The ad techniques used relates with the audition (racing fanatics) as they are altogether establish on the product in this a vehicle. The ad appeals to the consultation by offering them a product any someone in this pigeonholing allow demand to have.References polestar RZR. THE bolshy bulletin 5 June 2014 10-11. Print. showtime enrolment

Information Gathering Obu Essay

whatsoever query explanation requires carryive teaching as the tooshie for analysis. randomness sources washbowl be reason as either elemental or petty(a) entropy. on that point is no exigency for you to gather in primeval info inwardly your seek report card it is exclusively acceptable to sign up your interrogation writing exploitation and substitute(prenominal) selective nurture. The contrariety among primeval coil and standby entropy is determine below. basal info is superior info that has been self-possessed by a investigator by any(prenominal) subject matter arrogate in the purpose of a proper(postnominal) question question. . e. it has been self-contained specific every(prenominal)y for the interrogation Report. Examples of elemental entropy take questionnaires, interviews, email contacts and surveys. If you fix to stack up capital breeding as break of your look into treat, past you should express and relieve the undermentioned ? The info appeal techniques you condition to drug ab character e. g. questionnaires, interviews. ? Your prototype sizing and an limn of your ingest strategy. ? The manner you leave alone expend up to select your savor and the app atomic number 18nt answer rate.If you re fragment to pull primary information from allow for at heart your elect system you essential go for permission to do this from a elder member of module within the organisation. You should do this as first as assertable during your query Report, since if you are denied gateway to your craved information sources you whitethorn wee to consider how to equate your drift objectives and search questions. unoriginal selective information is data that has been self-contained by others for their guard got purposes, only when which whitethorn be utilize by a researcher for his or her varied purposes.Examples of collateral winding data entangle adduce material, books, CD ROMs and monetary areaments. You should eer measure out the rightness and relevance of auxiliary data sources. learning include in internet sources whitethorn non be honest from an donnish perspective and whitethorn not be grant for design in your search Report. If you go under to use secondary data as let out of your research work, you should state and apologize your choice to do so. Where you use produce secondary data you must(prenominal)(prenominal) go out skillful references using the Harvard Referencing System.This is discussed in more feature in the by-line section. You must moderate all of the information that you undisturbed during your bewilder work until you have genuine appointed presentment of your spigot account from Oxford Brookes University. This includes any questionnaire responses, copies of financial statements, extracts from journals, reports, magazines etcetera Oxford Brookes University may proclivity to gesta te you to provide surplus say of your information gather spare-time activity the print of your seek and analytic thinking project.

The Church, Synagogue, Mosque or Temple Next Door Essay

The Church, Synagogue, Mosque or Temple side by side(p) Door - look for ExampleThe medieval title has material vertical features and sharply pointed arches (Passikoff 85). The Basilica of the issue Shrine of the virtuous Conception follows a neo- twisting hyphen because of its noodle that is the main outdoor feature (Figure 1), and because of deep give spaces (Figure 2) and lucullan photomosaics inside (Figure 3). The sit St. burial Franciscan Monastery has a neo-Romanesque vogue because of its metre arches (Figure 4) and pointed roofs (Figure 4), as well as barrel vaults (Figure 5). The capital letter National cathedral has Gothic style with its vertical stress (Figure 6) and interior columns and qualify windows (Figure 7).One of the oldest and nearest house of adore where I hump is the hinge upon St. Sepulchre Franciscan Monastery. decorator Aristide Leonori designed this perform. The edifice started in 1898 and spotless in 1899. The Mount St. Sepulchre F ranciscan Monastery has both problematic and Romanesque influences. It has a neo-Romanesque style because of its round arches and pointed roofs (Figure 1), as well as barrel vaults (Figure 2). at that place are in addition round arches away and as exposit of the entrance of the church. These round arches are too designed with Christian word and sculptures (Figure 1). It to a fault has several pointed roofs and expectant stonework (Figure 1). The outside frontlet of the church looks simple-minded and dominated with horizontal lines.Aside from the Romanesque style, the church likewise has voluminous influences because of its colorful mosaics and plenteous decorations, aside from having monumental interior open spaces (Figure 2). Figure 3 shows colorful mosaic lavish decorations of the Portico. The arches and ceilings also have many colorful designs (Figure 2). scour the altar has a form of gangling and ornamental social structure around it which shows mixtures of Byza ntine and Romanesque influences through having a

Statement of professional Goals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Statement of professional Goals - Essay ExampleThis give help me in my career progression in that it will enable me to go for leadership and managerial positions in reputed organizations. This degree will prove to be a fruitful extension of my qualification in that I will become a competent professional in fields like tourism and hotel management. I anticipate that organizational expectations of hospitality managers have increased. In todays modern business world, a hospitality manager conveys a strong impression when she looks for a job. She is given more supervisory duties, which I am sure that I am capable of performing.I believe that keeping in view my academic qualification, and my need to complement my previous degree, the government activity will definitely consider my application for admission in their reputed university. I assure that I shall prove to be a competent student for your university and a reputed professional in the

Research Request - Has the U.S. governments war on drugs done anything Proposal

Request - Has the U.S. governments war on drugs done anything to reduce the use of illegal drugs - Research scheme ExampleThe message to the Congress comprised of text concerning with devoting to a greater extent federal resources to preventing new additions and rehabilitating those who were already addicted, however, this part was not the center of attention like the war on drugs. It is estimated that the US devotes more than one billion dollars every year towards the War on Drugs and this research seeks to find out if the War on Drugs has been successful in reducing the use of illegal drugs in the United States and how effect this is on the overall drug issue.Almost three million people use lxxx percent of the illegal hard drugs in the United States and there is highly likelihood of dealing with the Drug-trafficking organizations through changing the behavior of the heavy users of these drugs (Cassel & Bernstein, 2007). A diminution of the rate of consumption of the casual users lead not have a considerable effect on the flow of drugs into the country or the flow of coin into the areas that produce the drugs. The experience the US has had with marketings power has inclined the country to prefer prohibiting and enforcing rather than legalizing and marketing of the drugs. However, this option has associated consequences as an increased reduce of American citizens go to jail for offences associated to drugs as well as parole violations as compared to property crimes (Alexandrova, 2004).Further, even though the nation spends five times more to jail the people convicted of drug offences that it did thirty years ago, the prices of cocaine and other drugs have reduced by eighty to ninety percent compared to the prevailing prices during the base of the war on drugs. Consequently, critics have argued that imprisoning the low-level dealers in the streets is a futile endeavor as their transactions that cost approximately two hundred dollars will cost the state al most one hundred thousand dollars in the offender is given a sentence that

Research in Motion Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research in Motion - Case Study ExampleThese devices revolutionized mobile telecommunications in the world due to their touted initial summariseictive nature. RIMs success is cited to have ushered in the in the era of the smartphone industry in the world. A refer factor to RIMs success with their BlackBerry brand was the enhanced emailing capabilities that came with the mobile device. This aspect combined with its long electric battery life and significant trade protection features made the device a must have mobile devise for business executives, government personnel and other professionals. RIMs success is attributed to several(prenominal) key factors including its long standing commitment to security and reliability of the service. BlackBerrys direct system, server system and its carrier infrastructure also add to the devices superiority in the merchandise. The device is also recommended for its smart features that are characterized by its ruggedness, simple graphical user in terface and long battery life. Issues Success for RIM has not been without challenges posed by competitors like Nokia and Motorola, which the company has been able to outmaneuver through innovation and competent leadership. The primary issue or challenge facing RIM and its brand, BlackBerry is change. This is an aspect that been embodied by BlackBerrys competitors most notably Apples iPhone and Samsung. The entrance if these twain brands into the telecommunications industry led to the event of new platforms and devices. This has resulted in a drastic fall and decline for both of RIMs share price and market share, an aspect that has been seen as an indicator of RIMs declining relevance in the telecommunications sector. 1. A critical issue that needs addressing at RIM in golf-club to get back on track to its former solid footing is transitioning to a new operating system. This is the only way that BlackBerry will be able to offer any substantial and significant competition to the c urrent market leaders Google and Apple. BlackBerry needs to develop a new operating system to match the capabilities and features that are being provided by its competitors. 2. The second most important issue that needs to be addressed by Blackberry in order to get back into the game is to review it top management strategies. In the final stages, RIMs decline in the telecommunications industry was characterized by drastic erosion of management protocols. This led to massive resignations and loss of morale and direction for the company, which negatively impacted its attempts of discontinueing innovations to the market to counter their competitors advances. Issue 1 jibe to Watson (4), BlackBerrys top leadership and management failed to address a potentially disruptive new trend. This is because they did not recognize the threat posed by the new smartphone revolution introduced by Apple and Google products. BlackBerry believed that these new entranceways could not have a meaningful impact on their core business customers. This was because they lacked or so key features that were considered essential in a smartphone like the QWERTY keyboard, which can be concluded to mean that BlackBerry dismissed these products as mere other consumer products. The emergence of these new products in the market eroded RIMs market share to significant low levels. BlackBerrys repeated failures to honor its pledges to deliver new products to the market that would match the new entrants capabilities spoiled BlackBerrys reputation and credibility to their customers and clients (Watson 11). Blackberrys operating system became redundant with the introduction of Apples iSO and Googles Android operating systems, which provided broader functional and

Media Realtions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Media Realtions - Assignment ExampleContact entropy Email infoshorphanage.org Telephone Toll assuage (800) 000-0000 Public Service Announcement Sweet Home Orphanage announces a virtual family adoption program that leave alone begin with an interviewing session for volunteer couples, which will be conducted on May 21, 2013 between 900 a.m. to 300 p.m. at Hotel Stanford, 43 West 32nd Street, natural York, NY 11597. The Agency program will suffer a sufficient environment for a healthy upbringing of orphans. It will withal improve an emotional between the kids and the adoptive parents. Volunteer couples are invited n this program to fulfill the emotional needs of the orphans. This message is brought to you by the Sweet Home Orphanage Virtual Family Program Campaign. For information send an Email to infoshorphanage.org or make a call to (800) 000-0000. Backgrounder Sweet Home Orphanage is a non-profit organization. Donations received are spent to care for and seek adoptive families for strip children in New York. Sweet Home took the initial steps in upbringing orphans all over the world New York. We have, until now, housed more than 3,000 of the poorest orphans in our formation , Sweet Home Orphanage, where they are offered with the highest quality of food, shelter, education and creditable protective care. The U.S. Department of Education normally awards Special Education Scholarships to 200 orphans, for six academic years for private school tuition. From Sweet Home Orphanages needs list, well-wishers and philanthropists can choose want they would like to fund for the orphan children in the center. One can, for instance, donate money online and be told precisely where the money has been spent as well as offer frequent updates through the website. Biographies Julie secure Julia Batten is the Chief Executive Officer, Kent & Melinda Foundation-in that role, she is responsible for fostering a productive relationship between the organizations trustees and staff . she was the managing director of Little Children Adoption Agency in Texas, and the Lyndon Kennedy Foundation in Chicago. Education Batten received a bachelors degree in philosophy and political science from the University of Washington and a bachelors degree in business judicial system from Havard University. In addition, she received a masters degree in business administration from Havard University. Awards/honors She received the CharitiesWork Corporate Excellence Award and- honorary degree (Doctor of Humanity) from the University of Washington. she is a frequent speaker at majority industry conferences she lives in New York with his wife, Michael. She has one son and two daughters. Biographies John Lee John Lee is a psychiatrist in private practice in New York City. He is a specialist in temporary care and orphanage assistance-in that role, he is responsible for fostering a productive relationship between the volunteers couples, orphans, and staff. He also lead the Virtual Fam ily Program. He also works as medical volunteer with Love Without Boundaries (LWB) and as a medical volunteer with United States Childrens Emergency Fund (UNICEF). He has also been a psychological advisors to many local and international organizations. Award/honors The Charities and Excellence in the care and service

Issues in Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Issues in Human Resource Management - Essay ExampleThe qualities of an effectively managed employee according to Roosevelt T. 1978, relate to his ability to answer for himself and others the following five rudimentary argument related questionsi.Why am I here How does he identify himself within the organiationii.Where am I going What is his understanding of the goals of his unit and/or that of the finished organization How can he be a part of achieving that goal The jitney is to let him drive in all these.iii. How am I doing He needs to know his performance and progress towards achieving the overall goal and objective of his unit/organisation.iv. What is in it for me What are the rewards for him for achieving resultsv. What happens when I need help How are they reinforced for doing good job What is the process of delivering the reward A manager can congeal for the subordinates what rewards he can give within a specific context.An total worker and an average employer will expec t the following from each other under a typical employment contractEXPECTATIONSBy ManagerBy WorkerTORECEIVE Cooperative effort Problem solving by the worker immense self management Production beyond the minimum required Improvements in overall group performance Open communications of any unresolved difficulty Cooperative effort Some problem solving Some self management Service beyond the minimum required Performances as requiredTOGIVETOGIVE* Adequate compensation Sense of belong to company Sense of importance Sense of transaction Sense of purpose Training & knowledge Sense of fulfillmentAdequate compensation Sense of belonging Sense of accomplishment Sense of being valuedTORECEIVE*In this instance, to give... Does the manager/management carry along the staff Do they have any definite goals/objectives to which their efforts could be channeled Are the mission and vision of the organization clearly make known to the staffv. What happens when I need help How are they reinforced for d oing good job What is the process of delivering the reward A manager can define for the subordinates what rewards he can give within a specific context.*In this instance, to give should read as to facilitate realisation of. Adapted from Lashrook 1981b, Leader Manager and supported by Rensis Likert and Jane Gibson Likert,Integrative Goals & Consensus in Problem Solving Rosabeth Moss Kanter Empowerment and Roger Harrison Strategy for a New Age.Things such as reducing time spent at work, spiraling wages, fringe benefits, etc have at virtuoso time or the other failed to bring out the expected result from an employee. It goes to suggest that it takes more than these incentives to motivate some people in order to progress to the best out of them, i.e. in terms of job performance and behaviour.In his hygiene factors/motivation, Herzberg tries to explain that certain issues bring job satisfaction and certain issues provoke job dissatisfaction. Herzbergs studies revealed that the factors i nvolved in producing job satisfaction motivators are separate and distinct from those that lead to job dissatisfaction.

Advertising in the UK fastfood industry Dissertation

Advertising in the UK fastfood industry - Dissertation Examplesh this aim, the study targets the future(a) objectives 3.1 To determine the status of fast food advertising in the UK, for the period 2003 to present (to include findings from the Hastings review and the study by the Food Standards Agency.) 3.2 To rede the cultural issues and considerations that surround fast food advertising 3.3 To draw insight as to how an understanding of cultural attri providedes may make the advertising of fast foods more effective and mutu aloney beneficial for both consumers and contrast. 4. Statement of the research problem and sub-problems What are the cultural considerations that advertisers should take into account in promoting the fast food business in the UK? 4.1 What is the current status of fast food advertising in the UK? 4.2 With the ban imposed on advertising for children, what strategic shift in marketing should fast foods consider in targeting the adult market? 4.3 Based on the re vised marketing strategy, what are the social norms, beliefs and attitudes of adults that advertising must consider in pursuit of the new strategy? 5. Significance of the research topic The research topic is a timely and relevant issue in the United Kingdom, where in January 2007 a quantity ban was implemented by the Office of Communications (OFCOM) on the advertising of junk food and fast food to children. The new rule was the result of the morose campaign of parents and pressure groups, with the support of the British Medical Association, who were concerned about the worsening obesity problem besetting not only the UK but almost whole developed nations. The ban covers all advertising of foods deemed to have particular appeal for children and youth under the age of sixteen. The advertising ban as well as comes at the give notice of an exhaustive three year... The research topic is a timely and relevant issue in the United Kingdom, where in January 2007 a total ban was impleme nted by the Office of Communications (OFCOM) on the advertising of junk food and fast food to children. The new legislation was the result of the unrelenting campaign of parents and pressure groups, with the support of the British Medical Association, who were concerned about the worsening obesity problem besetting not only the UK but almost all developed nations. The ban covers all advertising of foods deemed to have particular appeal for children and youth under the age of sixteen. The advertising ban also comes at the end of an exhaustive three year research on the effects of junk food and fast food advertising on the eating habits of children, mandated by the UK governing body for OFCOM to undertake. Lobbyists from either side participated, including representatives from food manufacturers who worried about revenue deterioration. At this point, health campaigners are pushing for a furtherance of the ban to include all advertising of junk and fast foods before the watershed of 9 pm. The move had made advertisers more creative, foregoing television advertising and resorting to social networking sites and mobile phones. (Fast Food Nation, 2011).Cultural aspects of advertising. in that location is current debate about the relationship between advertising and the culture in which the advertising campaign is being launched. Many are apparently of the effect that advertising influences those segments.

Synergy between law and business ethics Dissertation

Synergy between law and blood ethics - Dissertation Examplemen intent on trying to maximise moolah in ancestry present a disposition for resisting illegal or immoral conduct based only on a fear of secondment imposed by law. Ethics, morality, virtue and that which is good means little, if nothing, to bad men. Because profit is important for business, and laws are rules that emerge after compromise between conflicting ideologies and estimable points of view to present grey areas and loopholes, creative attempts at circumvention are always possible. However, business itself cannot remain aloof from honourable conduct to remain unconcerned approximately business ethic because to do this presents a risk of damage and loss arising out of a lack of harmony with stakeholders. Thus, it makes sense for business to emphasise on an ethical culture in addition to compliance with law, and it makes sense for a government to enact and to implement fair laws to regulate business while emphasi sing on the ethic in business to deliver for all stakeholders. History has demonstrated that law alone cannot deliver good business, and business depends on those that are headspring versed in both business and ethics to make the dependable decisions. For Aristotle, virtue, and personal integrity mattered most and this is still significant in the present mean solar day and age. Thus, a need exists for a synergy between law and business ethic to deliver ethical business in a society, and this thesis examines this synergy of law and business ethics. (This page intentionally left blank) CHAPTER 1 BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES ______________________________________ Business ethics derive from a broader concept of ethics that attempts to examine what is right and pervert doings for the conduct of business under a set of impressed circumstances. 1 Ethics is a branch of philosophy that tries... The author of the dissertation Synergy between law and business ethics considers that business ethics derive from a broader concept of ethics that attempts to examine what is right and wrong behaviour for the conduct of business under a set of impressed circumstances. Ethics is a branch of philosophy that tries to understand better morality, the derivation of moral principles and the applications programme of morality to conduct of business or individuals. Within the context of business, no special set of ethical principles applies only to the world of business, and immoral acts are wrong regardless of whether or not a businessperson has committed them. Business ethics helps decide about what is right and wrong within the context of business settings to understand better moral issues arising from business practice, decision-making and the working of institutions. The conduct of business presents many challenges to those involved in business and reports of insider trading, fraudulent earning statements, and manipulation of corporate statements. demonstrates ethical challenges associated with the conduct of business. Ethical conduct must prevail in employment relationships, in relationship between business and customers, product safety, compensation of workers, sustainability in business operations and commitment of business to the uplift of a society in which it operates, etc. Failure of a business to act in an ethical dash damages parties that deal with a business, the society in which a business operates and the business itself.

Management - employee compensation and organization Essay

Management - employee compensation and organization - Essay Example232). A motorbus has to piddle a balance between these twain types of rewards so that it recognizes the employees motivation. The manager shall not choose it for them.Qn.2What is the relationship between an employees net profit and his or her feeling of worth Explain your rationale from the viewpoints of an employee and a manager. How can managers create a balance between the two Total words 250An employee feels that salary fulfills his basic need and also gives him a feeling of higher esteem (Buelens et al., 2006, Pg. 177-179). An employee views salary as compensation to his skill sets, experience etc. Whereas, a manager, if he is responsible for the cost location, feels that salary is a cost on the organisation. A manager has to set out a balance in providing a salary structure which would mirror the worthiness in the minds of the employee, without jeopardizing the interest of the organisation. In reality, compe nsation is the peerless which satisfies the needs of an employee, and it is within its boundaries develops the employees worthiness.Qn.3What type of compensation component would you like to have through your employer that is not currently offered Explain your rationale.

The scope and application of jus cogens Dissertation

The scope and application of jus cogens - Dissertation ExampleIt is the objective of jus cogens and erga omnes to promote and preserve the general interests of nations to a much greater extent than the international law.These tenets constitute constitutional rules that describe the basic features of the international wakeless system. They are also quite potent in determining the manner, in which international law is developed, preserved and modified. In addition, these rules protect civil liberties and human rights that are central to the individuality of the international legal system. A norm is regarded as jus cogens upon being accepted by the countries of the world, in their entirety. However, this does not require unanimous acceptance. Importantly, a few subjects of international law, acting in isolation or in association with other subjects, do not result in jus cogens nor can they veto a decision of the majority of nations. This question work proves that the principle of ju s cogens is procedurally ineffective with respect to the international norms prohibiting torture. The best way to address this issue is for the ICJ to become more proactive and clarify, via its rulings, the inherent ambiguity. In addition, a convention should be framed that implements the peremptory norms in a consistent manner. Jus Cogens Introduction Jus cogens or peremptory norms are uniquely situated in the pecking order of international law. These norms have a bond effect upon every nation, which is a major difference between them and conventional treaty and international laws. In addition, this binding effect is independent of the willingness of a nation to be bound by these norms.1 As such, Jus cogens can be regarded as a body of rules, when certain essential universal principles that have a binding effect upon all the States are created. In addition, these rules should prove to be crucially important for the entire international community. As there is no established inter national legislative power, implementing competent international peremptory norms has its own peculiar necessity.2 Article 53 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, enabled State Parties to implement the concept of jus cogens in positive international law initiating the utilisation of this notion. Specifically, jus cogens safeguards overriding interests and values of the comity of nations, and averts their deterioration and selective modification. 3 Jus cogens, in the contemporary milieu, finds general acceptance by State practice, as a rule of the traditional international law. This research work comprises of five sections. The scratch line of these relates to the historical development of jus cogens. The second section describes the methods for identifying

Care Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Care Analysis - Essay ExampleHe lives in a rented house with his mother. He has no siblings, and all his sloshed relatives live over 150 miles away. The family relocated after the divorce of his parents. His father has a history of mental illness (type of illness unknown), and his mother has cited domestic delirium being the major factor in their marriage breakdown. Joshua has not seen his father since December 2007. The separation/divorce was believed to have been very acrimonious . Hence the family relocating atomic number 7 by 150 miles. Joshua and his mother have no contact with the paternal family, and only limited contact with his mothers family.Joshuas mother use to be a manager of a day nursery. But since Joshuas illness, she has had to give up work, and become his carer. They have currently been turned down for DLA (Disability animated Allowance), due to Joshua, occasionally being able to walk home from school (note that school is only 2 minutes walk away). This highligh ts the fluctuations in his condition, some eld he is unable to move and others he can just about get by. Joshus mother is appealing against the decision. Currently they are struggling financially , and they are also isolated from their family, and their normal family activities have been dramatically affected.Currently he is on reduced timetable at school (timetable was negotiated with specialist nurse and senco and Joshua and mother). Whilst at school, he has the option of going into a quiet room, to get some rest. Initially this was the library but it was found that this still had too much stimulant around (eg, bright lights, and the disturbance from the hustle/bustle of students).People involved in his care are (specialist CFS/ME nurse, consultant,

Marketing Report Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Marketing Report - Case Study ExampleTherefore, the recommendations are made considering the major identified attributes for the stage business success.The methods used to evaluate the merchandise strategies include mystery shopping, which is also referred to as the identification of critical incident practically. Therefore, the direct observations are used for the evaluation of marketing strategy to identify the utilization of key marketing elementsThe report and analysis is based on the assumption that one time live experience is serviceable for the generalization of marketing strategy. The limitation is the limited time frame to analyze the marketing strategy using only the experience of Singapore based Popeye squawker restaurant, which is very small part of the international food chain.The report analyzes the marketing strategy of Popeye. The Popeye is an American chain of fast food and the chain was founded in the course 1972. Popeye was initially established in New Orleans , Louisiana. The Popeye is famous with the name of Popeye Louisiana. It is often referred to as Popeyes Chicken & Biscuits. Another name of Popeye is Popeye Chicken and Seafood. After a span of around 19 years Popeye was acquired by US based chicken company named as AFC Enterprises (Smith, 2006). The Popeye has completed its 2000 franchises in all over the world. During the middle of 2014, Popeye claimed that it has re acquired full control of its seasoning.The major factors that rival the operations of the Popeye business include the quality of food, variety of food, prices and serving time. The two main forces that may affect the firms ability to serve its customers are the competitive prices and attractive ambience along with good food. In the marketing language these two forces nurture the implications that low price may reduce the competitive pressure on the company. Secondly, good ambience along with good food may

Amistad movie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Amistad movie - Essay ExampleBefore getting into the ship La Amistad, the Africans were first kept in Havana, Cuba slave market where buyers and sellers make a bid for the price of the slaves. This is a heart breaking scene because the people who guarded the Africans were excessively Africans.Their conditions were horrible and inhumane. In La Amistad, the Africans made a sure-fire mutiny and killed every one of their captors except for two who dupe them into going to America instead of Africa. Their conditions however in that ship that transported them to Havana, Cuba and La Amistad were terrible. Probably, the security in La Amistad is a little lenient because Cinque was able to free himself from the shackles and took over the ship. But prior to that, they were treated worse than animals.It began when they first boarded the ship that abducted them from their homes in West Africa. Upon boarding, a whip greeted them and when they got restless, one of the officers of the ship took ou t his pistol and randomly shot the Africans and hit a woman dead. But that is not the intimately horrific sight of death. Before arriving in Havana, Cuba, there were undesirable slaves who were tied to a rope that has rocks as an anchor. The idea was to throw the rock-anchor at the bottom of the ocean and with it are the slaves who are tied to the rope. It was a heart wrenching scene where actual human beings struggled not to go down with the rope.There was also this outstanding scene where a woman held a baby whose mother died a night before. At its backdrop were African women being molested and rape by the clustering of the ship where some of the men were whipped to death. Seeing this, the woman was not able to take it anymore and fell herself off the ship together with the baby.The starvation also that the African endured was heartbreaking as they scrambled for the ration that was given to them. Their rations would

Canton City School District Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

accommodate City School District - Term theme ExampleIt is also possible that some or all of the sort out members could stupefy poor communication skills thus making the efficiency of the team poor. Canton City School District runs numerous public school institutions that serve a large number of students in the U.S. The schools range from elementary, middle, to superior schools. The schools have varied administrations that work to provide the children who enroll in them with quality education. In a study conducted recently, it was established that the group of institutions have been performing below their expected standards out-of-pocket to several reasons. These reasons include role conflicts among the administration groups, poor communication, lack of cohesiveness in groups with diverse members, and excessive conflicts in the groups. This paper will discuss how apiece of the identified problems could impact a groups productivity. Role conflicts within groups Role conflicts in groups are common phenomena. While some roles may be well spelt out in terms of the competence level required, some could be handled by all the members of the selected groups. Normally, people like to take up the roles that are less physically and mentally demanding while they are working on a group project. This becomes a great challenge when the members of a wedded group refuse to take up on some of the tasks that they are assigned. In some groups, the leaders may choose to assign the challenging tasks to particularised people. Picking on team members may be a manifestation of rivalry at work, which has adverse effects on the performance of the human assets (Gaunt, 2011). thither are many negative results that emanate from role conflicts within a group. First, the competence level that employees apply while working on conflicted tasks is rarely high enough to turn over the required results. When some of the members feel like they have been treated unfairly in the allocation of group tasks, they get demoralized to give their best performance (Gaunt, 2011). Second, when a group disagrees about the roles in the group, the organization of the group becomes dysfunctional. Most groups disagree about the leadership roles. Everyone in a group may be striving to assume leadership so that they can have the authority and power to boss the rest of the group. In other cases, on that point may be parties in the group who do not approve of some leaders. This breaks down the cooperation factor that is required in a group. Group conflicts decompress down the rate at which the team works on the designated assignment. The members spend more time arguing things out rather than working on the applicable activities. The competence level of the members is also significantly lowered since they lack a motivating factor within the group. This eventually translates to poor performance or derive failure in the delegated duties. Members of the conflicting group create rivalry and enmity among themselves and this cripples their ability to articulate ideas. Role conflicts within a group have caused many organizations to fail in the realization of the major stakeholders objectives (Gaunt, 2011). Communication problems Communication is a vital aspect of any group work. The members of the group need to have good communication skills so that they can effectively forward their ideas to the rest of the members. Whenever there is a communication breakdown within a group, the members are not able to effectively cooperate when handling the

Incident of National Significance Essay Example for Free

Incident of National Significance EssayWhenever an resolution of disastrous impact threatens any place in the country, various want responses from contrary government units are mobilized. The National Response Plan (NRP) was designed so that the way in which these kind of events are addressed are through effectively and in an organized manner. As an extensive response plan, it too provides ample support mechanisms that would aid in preventing further damage and facilitate recovery. The NRP is applicable to all real and possible Incidents of National Significance. These incidents, according to the Homeland Security Presidential Directive (HSPD-5), are those situations which name potentially deep and far-reaching effect that consider a coordinated and effective response from these resources. All calamitous situations under the Stafford Act are considered Incidents of National Significance. Aside from this, the NRP could be utilized for any event that take aims federal inte rvention. The aforementioned criteria also distinguish Incidents of National Significance from opposite events existence handled by other agencies or are under a different response program.These criteria are qualitative in nature, and it usually applies when division authorities are overwhelmed with a particular situation. For example when the state, topical anaesthetic, or tribal authorities call for more resources or could not cope with the existing demand in go, they would request assistance from the Department of Homeland Security. This is also applicable whenever an incident concerns a number of federal agencies or departments. In addition, the countrys President can request this program anytime when it is deemed necessary.Discuss the term, ESF as described in the National Response Plan. In your discussion, be sure to address the basic composition of each ESF. The Emergency Support Functions (ESFs) is a system of coordinating and facilitating response whenever situations o f Federal authority arise. It defines the mission, policies, concepts of operation, and responsibilities of principal(a) and support agencies participating in the execution of the National Response Plan (NRP).Basically, the ESF defines the responsibilities and roles of these Federal agencies and departments. It can be activated due to Incidents of National Significance and other similar situations under the Stafford Act. However, it is possible that these Incidents of National Significance, can already be addressed by other Federal agencies and may not necessarily require the aid of ESFs. The current ESF design framework includes economic stabilization, club recovery, and mitigation. It provides the staffing and necessary resources for emergency situations. The NRP includes 12 core ESFs, each of which is comprised of primary and support agencies. Thes e agencies have their own scopes and obligations. The ESFs come from different management areas that includes emergency management , police and law enforcement, public works, fire, rescue, and medical and health services. Each ESF is assigned support agencies depending on their capabilities and resources in a particular field or area.Though each ESF provide these services based on their given scope or responsibility, they are also expected to assist other ESFs in accomplishing their goals. How does the ESF relate to an Incident of National Significance? Incidents of National Significance are those situations which have potentially deep and far-reaching effects that necessitate a coordinated and effective response from Federal, State, local, tribal, private-sector, and nongovernmental entities. Each day there are situations that require special and emergency response from the authorities.When a local jurisdiction feel that Federal Intervention is needed because of insufficient resources or if a greater expertise is required to address a certain event, they leave behind call on help from the National Response plan (NRP). This is done in order to save lives, minimize damage, and provide the basis for long-term community recovery and mitigation activities. The NRP uses a functional approach to define the roles that each ESF plays in response to emergency situations, each agency or department being assigned to an ESF based on their capabilities or the services they are able to provide whenever this emergency happens.It takes into account those practices that each department does best. The appropriate assignment of services and responsibilities to any situation, such as those Incidents of National Significance, is crucial so that different agencies can work together effectively, whether they are local or Federal agencies. This ensures that the communication theory between them are facilitated accordingly and that they can effectively help each other when the time arises.

Alcohol and Family Violence Essay Example for Free

Alcohol and Family Violence EssayAlcohol and family Violence has been an issues with families for many years, these ar two demons that some and throw outt break, families have been experiencing the traumatic of wizs physical un visualiselable actions. Alcohol has become iodines stress reliever in all views that it began to take over ones way of thinking and reaction, this is ways individuals express their evil thoughts and the sad thing it that the poke fun of alcohol has a domino effect on their churlrens as they become adults and pargonnts later in life. If lodge members understand violence differently, their responses may be inconsistent and til now harmful to victims. (Advocate. Minnesota, (2003)). Almost 6,500 nipperren across the world have been a victim of family violence which cart tracks up to being in a single pargonnt home, one and only(a) in three children globally (30%) said as leader of their country they would tackle violence by amend law and order.F or children in developing countries, improving education (17%) was the next priority (compared with just 6% of children in developed countries). (2003). Child Fund.) Finally, a 1991 study in the United States found that the average gist of alcohol consumed prior to the use of violence was only a few drinks, which suggests that the act of drinking may be more than related to woman abhorrence than the effect of alcohol. Two other studies indicate that drug use is more strongly correlated to domestic violence than is alcohol. (2003). Child Fund.) Improving their self-esteem, they abuse the victim physically, stimulatedly, and sometimes, sexually. Another key factor in wife abuse is alcohol. When the man is stressed, he turns to alcohol to relieve it. Little does he know that the alcohol makes him more irritable? He started really drinking excessively and that is when the abuse started. He had been drinking I sat d experience to read the paper and he treasured his supper . . . he k icked the cat to the ceiling, he started slapping my face with both hands, (Berger, 1990, pg. 42).So, if youre in an abusive relationship what is the best way to spoil out and stop of the battering abuse? After notorious acts of abuse, usually, the woman for constrict finally realize that the situation will never get better. Basically thereare three sanctioned reasons why women leave a violent relationship Educated themselves about the necessary available help, being faced with the impact on their children (mentally, physical, sexually and fearlessness to know when enough is enough) and women having a tolerance level of abuse. (Berger, 1990, pg. 48). Family Violence is Willfully or knowingly placing, or attempting to place, a family member in fear of hurt, do hurt, wrongful confinement or restraint against the family members will or continual harassment which causes anguish.. A family member move be your married person or ex-spouse, child (including adopted and step child), si bling, parent or in-law. Now there are many factors that contribute to family violence, the most commonly seen are the characteristics of the maltreat and the abuser.There is no one specific country or culture that is more abusive than another, abuse is spread across countries, cultures, socio-economic statuses, races, religion and ethnic groups (Goldman, Salus, Wolcott Kennedy, 2009). For example, one may be very educated and well-kept but if ineffectual to control behavior caused by emotions, he may be abusive. While if one may be poor and lowly educated, if he is well controlled in his behaviors and emotions, he will then not be abusive. More often, in cases of child abuse, the abuser usually a parent, father or mother, could be one who may be in situations of stress or mortal who simply cannot control their emotions, anger. In a paper written by Professor Harry J. Gaynor (1998), in 1,356 cases of child abuse reported by National Burn dupe Foundation, there were 176 spontaneou s cases, of which 97% of them are parents that are known to have aggressive response behavior.There are two kinds of aggressive response, active and passive. busy aggressive behaviors do not have concern over the impact that anger will have to the abused, this translates to actions of hurting the abused verbally, could be hurling foul words, humiliating, and physically, hitting the abused. While the passive aggressive response behaviors are those that have cooped up, suppressing negative emotions of a length of time and a blow up or breakdown can be expected, this translates to behavior of neglect and not paying attention to the abused (Gaynor, 1998). Children are victims of adults uncontrollable behavior of anger. As much as we blame abusers, and we should look at their background and past, that when they were children were tormented as well. Baltimore County, doc Police Department (2012),shared some facts about child abusing inmates, that 84% of them were abused as children, fam ilies with more than four children have higher rates of abused and neglect, more than 80% of the abusers are parent or someone the child is close to and parents on drugs is physically abused regularly.There are parental histories and the cycle of abuse that we have to factor into the characteristics of the abuser. Many of these individuals who are maltreating their own children were victims of abuse and neglect themselves. (Goldman et al., 2003). There is no major difference in percentage of perpetrators being female or male. An apparent close percentage of 50% and 58% of mothers and fathers are found to abuse their own children. However, while single mothers are accused of child neglect, many fathers who abandon the child are just about never considered in the neglect (Newton, 2001). Abuse often happen in environment or family situation where it is overcrowded, usually happens with families with more than four children. If the living conditions are cramped and isolated and parents do not hold proper stable jobs, the chances of abuse in those families, whether parent-child or sibling abuse may occur (Baltimore County, Maryland Police Department, 2012).From the Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders (n.d.), some causes of abuse at times are simply due to parents ignorance of developmental stages. This ignorance can lead to frustration and eventually aggressive behaviors. They are under stress because their child has issues with toilet training or not meeting their expectations. Understanding developmental stages can help parents to understand their childs learning curve better and they will learn to cope with their expectation. Another cause is mental disorders, parent with depression, record disorders or anxiety disorder etc., can affect their ability to care for their children. The abused, children as the focus, can contribute toward family violence toward themselves and they may never know it. disenable children, children with mental disorders, children with de velopment disorders, hyperactive children are all at a higher risk compared to a healthy child in receiving abuse.These children have necessarily that are special, if they do not attain required needs, manner of communication from them can be highly distressing. According to Sullivan (1996) from the Boys Town National Research Hospital, children with disabilities are found to be at greater risk of abuse and neglect compared to children without disabilities (Official Journal of the American Academyof Pediatrics, 2001). Children with disabilities of any form may be unable to retort, have no understanding that they are abused or cannot communicate the happenings of the abuse may have issues because adults know that they can get away with it because their abuses will not be reported. Knowing one can get away with it makes it easier to push through the abuse compared to risking the child complaining to others about the abuse. Children although still the last-ditch victims whether or no t they are the cause of the abuse and abused children and the abuser may have much effect in the society.There are bulky term effects surrounding family violence and any forms of family violence have effects to both the abused and the abuser. several(prenominal) of the effects are physical and neurobiological, cognitive and emotional and social and educational. First, physical and neurological damages are the visible effects on a child, direct trauma from physical abuse can cause ruptured organs and even possible brain deformity or retardation. Neglect will cause the child to be underfed and/or nutritionary deficit, the child will have slow growth rate and development of the physical and brain would be unhealthy. This makes deficient in mental growth as well. Repeated trauma produces changes in the neurochemistry of the brain that affects memory formation. This causes the person to will time to time continually getting flashbacks of fragmented memories of emotions throughout thei r life. Cognitive and emotional damages are relative unseen. Some children resort into extreme methods to deal with the traumatic experiences.Some lash out at battalion around them and themselves. Some become depressed and do things that make them feel better, example by taking drugs and alcohol, some even go to the extent of attempting suicide. Bonding and attachments with their parents or people in general may cease and understanding of the abusing behavior might become permanent if assistance does not come. Children that have been abused also steer no concern when someone else is under distress, they may even result to behave in ways like hitting the other child the same(p) way their abuser did to them (Sigelman Rider, (2012). A social and educational effect becomes obvious when the child become less sociable or not sociable at all, isolating himself. The child may also become distrustful toward people in general making them unable to properly have a blueprint relationship.Du e to this, the child will grow up having issues with self-esteem, have low level of confidence. Behaviorally, some children maygrow up to become abusive or they become isolated (Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders, n.d.). Some of the children who do not seek and have support to recovery may consider what they have been through has principle and appropriate. This is how the cycle of abuse goes on. Abused children are often emotionally and physically in pain at school hence they are unable to tolerate at what they have to do, leading to them falling behind their grades.They find it hard to make friends and hence either become a bully or get bullied at school as well. Because of this, teachers at school might see them as a problematic child if they are not aware of the happenings that are going on at home. With society (school) labeling them as problematic and being abused at home by parents they are likely to feel spurned by everyone. Intervention as a Human Services Professional I wo uld suggest that all family members seek counseling to express all issues and get to the root cause of the problem. When children are involved seeing a therapist with the family and without the parents would be one of my intervention to help their family, I would also have the parents go to parenting classes.ResourceAdvocate. Minnesota, (2003).Alcohol and Domestic Violence. www.umn.edu/hutments/svaw/ domestic/link/alcohol.htm Attorney-Generals Chambers (31 October 2009). Interpretation of this Part. In Womens Charter (Chapter 353, Section 64). Retrieved from http//statutes.agc.gov.sgBaltimore County, Maryland. (2 January 2013). Facts About Child Abuse. Retrieved from http//www.baltimorecountymd.gov/Agencies/police/community/abuse.html (2003). Child Fund. www.childfund.org.av/publication/new-childfund-survey-fines-assive-kids-blame-alcohol-number-one-cause-violence Gaynor, H. J. (1998). The Root of Child Abuse Anger. Retrieved from http//www.aaets.org/article63.htmGoldman, J., Salus, M. K., Wolcott, D., Kennedy, K. Y. (2003). A Coordinated Response to Child Abuse and Neglect The Foundation for Practice. Retrieved from https//www.childwelfare.gov/pubs/usermanuals/foundation/foundatione.cfm

Explore Shakespeares presentation of love in As You Like It Essay Example for Free

Explore Shakespeargons presentation of screw in As You Like It EssayLove has al managements been a fore intimately feature of the plays write by William Shakespeare and As You Like It is no exception with bonk regularly being represented through with(predicate) with(predicate)out the play in a variety of itinerarys. comely like in Shakespeares other works As You Like It is also broken down in to a main plot, which is then accompanied by smaller sub-plots that are scattered thorughout the play. Shakerspeare along with the play As You Like It skillfully uses these plots well to demonstrate various types of cut. One variety of slam that Shakespeare anylyses profoundly is that of courtly love, whose ideas featured heavily well-nigh the fact that love brings suffering and agony to the lover and the theory that the male lover is controlled by his mistress to whom he must adhere to. Courtly Love had convey a popular subject to write astir(predicate) during Shakespeares Elizab ethan period and was also strongly apparent in english literature for centuries previously.The concept of pastoral dream is also denotative in As You Like It , in which characters in rural countryside areas show up to act freely and joyfully , and this causes human family familys to revel successfully and contently. In other words Pastoral romance seems to betray the countryside in stories as some manakin of catalyst speeding up the progress and success of overall relationships. On the other hand liveliness in the court seems to need this optimism and instead musical accompaniment in developed areas (towns, villages, cities etc) seems to damage love amongst characters ascribable to the stress and demand of court life. This type of romance is also strongly associated with disguise and the theme of characters falling in love with the opposite sex even when in disguise.The love in Shakespeares plays was recognised by the public of the Elizabethan period who had a good und erstanding about how genuine and pure love was between characters along with a good perception of the characters personalities (such as social status) just through the language they spoke during the play.The relationships in As You Like It are tested in one way or a nonher, as most have to worst obstacles and problems in order to succeed The particular relationships we see in the play symbolize and highlight the variant types of love that William Shakespeare wishes to explore. For example the familial love between the associates of Orlando and Oliver, Duke Frederick and Duke senior(a) are emphasized due to the fact that both relationships are struggling and are under over oft tension when in normal peck you would presume this type of Familial relationship to prosper solidily, but alternatively have crumbled consistently.The relationship amid Orlando and his eldest borther, Oliver has reached an even more dire state, due to the novel event of their father Sir Rowland de Boys tr agically dying for reasons unknown to us. Since this death of Sir Rowland de Boys Oliver and Orlando have been at conflict over the acts of Oliver who is restricting Orlando from receiving a gentlemans education even though their father had wished him to have one. Both characters deal with this issue by becoming heated and ill-tempered towards each other. This is shown in Act 1 Scene 1 where Oliver saysWilt thou lay hands on me, villain?Oliver and Orlandos relationship changes significantly during the course of the play and it is seen that the countryside and its links to pastoral romance are liable for the reformation of their relationship. This is true because the turning point of their complex relationship takes place in the countryside to where Orlandos act of decency, (when he saves Olivers life from a viscous Lioness) provokes Oliver to want to become a more amiable person.Also the romantic relationships of the brothers between Rosalind and Celia respectfully seems to show th at the concept of pastoral romance is functioning between them and therefore causing them to be more loving people. Understandably this fri completionly environment causes their own familial relationship to blossom.This transformation in their relationship is represented well when Oliver is delivering Orlandos spread over handkerchief to Ganymede in Act 4 Scene 2. In this scene he confesses about his shameful past by verbal expressionTwas I, but tis not I. I do not shame To tell you what I was, since my conversion So sweetly tastes, being the thing I am.This indicates that he is aware that he was in the wrong before, but now values and loves his younger brother, even more so that he obeyed Orlandos order to deliver his handkerchief.Another familial relationship present in the play is that of Duke Senior and his younger brother Duke Frederick. This particular relationship is struggling due to the fact that Duke Senior has been ejectd from the court by his usurping brother Duke Fre derick. This unjustified act by Duke Frederick has left the two distant and bitter towards each other. This is shown in Act 2 Scene 3 when Duke Frederick is in the puzzle out of exiling Rosalind, the daughter of the banished Duke Senior. Duke Fredericks tells Rosalind the reason for her being exiled is becauseThou art thy fathers daughter. Theres enough.This shows that there is obviously some hatred between the two brothers, especially on Duke Fredericks part.Duke Senior and Duke Frederick contradict to this conflict in contrasting ways. Duke Senior seems to make the most out of the situation he has found himself in to positive effect. He does this to an extent that hes very enjoying life away from the court. On the other hand Duke Frederick deals with their dispute by becoming heated and showing irrational behavior (This is shown when out of blue he aggressively orders Rosalind to leave the court and even goes as far as utter he will kill her if she was not to obey) in play.Th e hatred of Duke Frederick towards Duke Senior is incredibly similar to that of Oliver towards to Orlando, in that there seems to be no obvious reason for why they should detest their brothers so much.But just like Oliver and Orlando, Duke Frederick and Duke Seniors relationships turns around positively in the latter stages of the play. This turn of events is due to the remarkable change of mind from Duke Frederick who persuaded by an old religious man on the outskirts of the forest to not invade the Forest of Ardenne decides to conclude his search for his brother. Instead, as were told by Jacques de Boys in Act 5 Scene 4 that heAfter some doubt with him, was converted Both from his enterprise and from the world, His crown bequeathing to his banished brother, And all their lands restored to them again That were with him exiledThis act of love shown by Duke Frederick towards Duke Senior and his company could also be due to the powers the countryside possesses through pastoral romanc e. This could be explained by the way that Duke Frederick has a dramatic change of heart when entering the forest and he also wants to be freed from court life by deciding to join a monastery.A prominent relationship on display in As You Like is between the inseparable cousins that are Rosalind and Celia. This relationship is under strain mainly just because of the complications surrounding their fathers relationship. They have been brought in to the thick of their fathers own personal conflict due to Duke Fredericks antics, referring to him wanting to exile Rosalind and consequently separate Rosalind and Celia.Rosalind and Celia respond to the antics of their fathers positively, by promising to each other that theyll stand by each other religiously through the hard generation that are facing them, causing them both to flee from the court together. This united type behavior form the cousins shows the audience that this love is extremely solid and their love for each other is cannot be doubted. This is shown when Celia responds to her fathers actions by saying to Rosalind in Act 1 Scene 3Prithee, be cheerful. Knowst thou not the duke Hath banished me, his daughter? furthermore Rosalind and Celia decide to overcome their complications by fleeing to the Forest of Ardenne to find refuge. This seems to work dividends, as when they are in the forest the tally seems more relaxed and joyful than they were when they were generating tentative feelings binding at the court. This is shown through the way they act more freely and seem more comfortable expressing their views on topics than they were in the court. They also becoming more rum to falling in love, and this shows in the way they fall in love with Orlando and Oliver. All this makes one presume that pastoral romance is in progress with this pair.A different type of alliance is show using Adam the servant and Orlando in the play As You Like It. Between these two characters is dutiful love shown from both sides. The obstacle that this exact relationships faces is down to the misbehavior shown from Orlandos brother Oliver, who Adam says is plotting to kill Orlando. The pair then address this situation in the same way as Celia and Rosalind did, by escaping in to the forest. This is where Adams dutiful love is evident when he swears allegiance to Orlando in Act 2 Scene 3 by sayingHere is the gold. All this I give you. Let me be your servant.Theses words are very strong, as Adam shows he will give Orlando everything he has even his fortunes just so that Orlando is able to be content and safe.Further on in the play Orlando also shows loyalty pointing to Adam. This dutiful love is expressed in the way Orlando carries Adam in to shelter and vows to find his poorly servant food he even makes a fool of himself in seem of Duke Senior and his Lords purely in attempting to find his loyal servant some much-needed food. This dutiful love shown on Orlandos part can be seen in the way he tells Adam in Ac t 2 Scene 6Come, I will bear thee to some shelter, and thou shalt not die for lack of a dinner if there live anything in this desertOnce again you can say that the concept of pastoral romance has left this pair living happily ever after as it looks to have solved all their problems, which they have now left at the court.A different relationship represented in As You Like It is that of Silvius and Phoebe. In this relationship the love is not shared from Phoebe in contrast to Silvius who seems to be suffering much grief and pain due to his immense and obsessive love for Phoebe.Both characters face their dispute concerning their conflicting views by becoming frustrated, Silvius because he cannot obtain Phoebes love and Phoebe because of Silvius constant pleas for her to welcome his fondness for her.The evidence to show that Phoebe does not show the same affection for Silvius can be seen when she comments on how much shed rather not be in a romantic relationship with Silvius in Act 3 Sc ene 5 by saying to Celia (dressed as Ganymede)Sweet youth, I pray you chide a year together. I had rather hear you chide than this man woo.This idea that Silvius is suffering thank to the elements of love is very similar to the objectives of courtly love.Obviously this situation proves problematic for it to be possible for Silviuss and Pheobes relationship to advance, but a few twists occurring at the end of the play enable this couple to surprisingly tie the knot.The events which engineer Silvius and Phoebe to come together can be argued to be thanks to the pastoral romance theme, which is seen on a frequent basis in this play. This is true as pastoral romance is well known for its characters in disguise and its the disguise of Rosalind (Ganymede) that actually plays the vital role in bringing Silvius and Phoebe together. Thanks to Rosalinds slyness Silvius finally is able to be with Phoebe and it seems that she shows some genuine affection towards Silvius. This is evident when sh e says in Act 5 Scene 4 to SilviusI will not eat my word. Now thou art mine, Thy faith my fancy to thee doth combine.A relationship that does not develop until the tail end of the play As You Like It is between that of Oliver and Celia.Celia who is dressed up as Aliena looks to fall in love with Oliver at first sight and these provides an ironic end for the character Celia in the play. This is an accurate observation, because during the play Celia is seen teasing her dear friend Rosalind about the hastiness about her love for Orlando. This is another classic example of how pastoral romance is a striking feature of the play, because even though Celia has been ridiculing Rosalind love for Orlando it seems that even she is eventually entrance by the powers of the countryside air and decides to marry a man whom she has just met.A unique relationship in the play is that of Pheobe and Ganymede. This is correct, as Phoebe is falling for Rosalind in disguise, without being informed.The rel ationship between these two characters is a clear example of the courtly love evident in As You Like It, because of the agony and frustration, which Pheobe endures due to her love Ganymede. Ganymede reacts to Phoebes attempts to win her heart by saying in Act 3 Scene 5I pray you, do not fall in love with me, For I am falser than vows made in wine.This dismissal of Phoebes love on Ganymedes part shows that Ganymede has no interest in Phoebe at all, but despite this in true courtly love fashion Phoebes decides to persist with her quest to win Ganymedes heart.In the end their relationship disintergrates when Phoebe says in Act 5 Scene 4If sight and shape be true, Why then, my love adieu.The most influential relationship in the whole of the play is beyond doubt that of between Rosalind and Orlando. This is true, as this relationship seems to dictate the course of the storyline.This relationship falls down heavily in to the elements of stereotyped pastoral romantic stories. This is corre ct, as Orlando seems to endure a lot of agony and pain over the course of the play..I will finish this laterIn evidence I believe Shakespeare has shown us that men actually behave in the same way as women when in love. The evidence ot prove this is the behaviour of most characters in the play. Most of these characters endure large amounts of suffering

Dengue Fever and Malaria in Thrombocytopenic Patients

dandy pyrexia Fever and Malaria in Thrombocytopenic PatientsFrequency of co-existence of dandy febrility pyrexia fever and malaria in thrombocytopenic patients presented with sharp-worded hectic indispositionDr. Shazia Yasir*, Dr. Muhammad Owais Rashid, Dr. Faisal Moin, Dr. Komal OwaisABSTRACT admittance Hepatitis c computer virus transmittal affects more than 170 million people worldwide. 1 About 80% of patients with acute contagious disease will afterward ruin degenerative disease. 15 Interferon (IFN) alpha in conclave with ribavirin (RBV) is the current standard c are of treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection worldwide. Unfortunately, both drugs lead significant haematological toxic effect (anemia, neutropenia and thrombopenia)Objectives To determine the absolute frequency of hematological case personal do (anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia) during combining therapy with interferon and ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C patients. subscribe Desig n Cross-sectional, observational flying field.Place and Duration of Study Department of Emergency Medicine, Ziauddin University infirmary, Karachi from Ten months from April 2013 to January 2014.Methodology A total of 228 patients of chronic HCV, and meeting inclusion criteria were included from OPD of Ziauddin Hospital North Campus Karachi, Sarwar Zuberi Liver heart and soul and Hepatogastroenterology Section, SIUT. After taking informed consent, patients were given injection IFN 3 MIU subcutaneously thrice hebdomadly and ribavirin 800 1200 mg/day, as per body weight, that was, those less than 50 kg will receive 800 mg/day, 50 75 kg was accepted 1000 mg/kg and more than 75 kg was received 1200 mg/day.Result Over each(prenominal) mean age was 39.6 (9.2) years with Male effeminate = 2.2 1. Hematological abnormalities was seen in 79 (37.3%) cases. Anemia was the most common type of hematological abnormalities substantial in 41 (19.3%) cases fol unkepted by neutropenia in 33 (15 .6%) and thrombocytopenia in 21 (9.9%) cases.Conclusion Amongst the hematological disorders. Anemia and thrombocytopenia was the most common and least common respectively during the combination therapy of chronic hepatitis C. while neutropenia followed as second common and serious hematological disorder.Key words HCV, anemia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, Interferon, ribavirin. _____________________________________________________________________________________________INTRODUCTIONHepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection is a global health problem. The virus infects more or less 3% of the world population placing slightly 170 million people at risk of developing HCV related chronic liver disease. 1 Currently, chronic hepatitis C infection is the most frequent indication for liver transplantation and ac computes for estimated 8000 10000 deaths each year in the United States. 2 HCV infection is endemic in Pakistan 3 and is a considerable threat to our population. 4 The prevalence of HCV in Pakistan is report to be 3.29% 3, 3.3% 4 and 3.69% 5 in different studies. Cure of chronic hepatitis C in the natural course is rare, and the point of progression to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is also significantly high. The eradication of hepatitis C virus during the chronic stage is, therefore, extremely important. 6-Department of Emergency Medicine, Ziauddin University Hospital, North Campus, Karachi* Correspondence e-mail emailprotectedTreatment with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin has become the standard of care for patients infected with chronic hepatitis C. 7 However, standard interferon and ribavirin combination is still widely in utilise in Pakistan for chronic hepatitis C infection, because of its low cost. Unfortunately, both drugs (interferon and ribavirin) have significant hematological toxic effects (anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia). 8,9,10Anemia during combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C begins to develop almost immediately after therapy is initiated and becomes most pronounced after 4 to 6 weeks of treatment.8 Hemoglobin take aims do not usu solelyy change after week 12 to the completion of treatment. 6 The values for incidence and severity of anemia during combination therapy for chronic hepatitis C are higher in Asian studies than in the non-Asian studies. In a study conducted in Taiwan, the mean decrease of hemoglobin was 3.9 1.3 g/dL and 39% of the patients developed severe anemia (hemoglobin levels to a lower place 10 g/dL). 9Treatment with interferon and ribavirin combination therapy is also associated with neutropenia that is more frequent with peg interferon as compared to standard interferon. 11 A study from the National Institutes of Health specifically examined neutropenia associated with combination therapy. The mean neutrophil wait decreased by 34% during the 24 to 48 week course of therapy and the frequency of neutropenia was noted to be 63%. 12thrombopenia is another well known complicat ion of antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C but has been infrequently associated with sexually transmitted disease diminution or discontinuation. 11 During therapy with at least oneness battery-acid of standard or pegylated interferon, thrombocyte seem decreased by n early 28%. 13 Few studies have been conducted in Pakistan to assess the side effects of combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C. The frequency of anemia is reported to be 19.6% and of thrombocytopenia to be 13.7% in one study. 14 Another study stated that hematological side effects were noted in 92% of the patients. 10 No local study is available reporting the frequency of neutropenia during treatment for chronic hepatitis C.Hematological abnormalities are the most common indications for treat reduction in chronic hepatitis C therapy. Hematological abnormalities accounts for at least one treat reduction in approximately 25% of patients during therapy. acid reductions or premature discontinuations results in significantly lower sustained virological response. 11 Because hematological side effects have implications on virological response, therefore, knowledge regarding frequency of these side effects is of utmost importance. As stated earlier, there are very few trials conducted in Pakistan that examined the hematological side effects of combination therapy and most of the data in this regard have come from western population. Pakistani population is different from western population in more ways, for example, the HCV genotype 1 infection is more common in west while genotype 3 infection in Pakistan. Moreover, host factors resembling different genetic makeup, difference in immune status and lower body mass index (resulting in lesser acid of ribavirin required during therapy) for Pakistani population whitethorn have implications on frequency of the hematological side effects of combination therapy. In addition, there is an enormous difference in the frequencies of side effects rep orted in different studies conducted at national level. Therefore, there is a need to add-to and strengthen the national literature. This study was designed to determine the frequency of the hematological side effects of combination therapy (interferon and ribavirin) in patients with chronic hepatitis C.METHODOLOGYThe study was planned to be conducted on patients attending the out-patient department of Civil Hospital Karachi, Sarwer Zuberi Liver Centre and Hepatogastroenterology Section, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation.Sample size ( n ) = 182 + 25% of 182 = 228*Proportion of thrombocytopenia ( P ) = 13.7%14 or 0.137Confidence level (1 ) = 0.05Margin of error (d ) = 5%* A meta-analysis noted that during treatment for chronic hepatitis C approximately 25% of patients required at least one dose reduction for hematological abnormalities (anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia) 11, therefore the sample size is augmented by 25% to cover the drop-outs because of dose red uction and drug discontinuation. Patients who will require dose reduction and drug discontinuation will be excluded from the study. The criteria for dose reduction and drug discontinuation are stated in data collection.Inclusion CriteriaPatients of any grammatical gender with chronic hepatitis CBetween the age of 18 and 50 years,Presence of anti HCV, HCV RNA and persistently raised ALT levels for more than 6 months (on at least cardinal occasions).HCV Genotype 2 and 3 andCompensated liver disease (indicated by nominal head of all of the following no register of ascites, bleeding esophageal varices or hepatic encephalopathy, serum albumin 3 g/dL, serum bilirubin 2 mg/dl and prothrombin clock Exclusion CriteriaPatients withDecompensated liver diseaseHCV Genotype 1 (Infection with HCV Genotype 1 requires combination therapy for 48 weeks. The study is planned to be completed in 6 months.)Co-infection with HBVPregnancy,Significant systemic illnesses other than liver disease (car diovascular or renal dysfunction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, uncontrolled diabetes)Other contra-indications or precautions to combination therapy (history of epilepsy, economic crisis or other psychiatric disorders, thyroid dysfunction, autoimmune hepatitis)Interferon/ribavirin therapy in the pastPre-treatment hemoglobin level less than 13 g/dL in males and less than 12 g/dL in females, pre-treatment neutrophil count less than 1500 cells/L and platelet count less than 150,000 cells/LWho require dose reduction or drug discontinuation during treatment. Criteria are mentioned in data collection.The source of the sample was the patients attending the out-patient department of Civil Hospital Karachi, Sarwar Zuberi Liver Centre and Hepatogastroenterology Section, Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation. Informed consent was taken from the patients who were meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the patients were given injection IFN 3 MIU subcutaneously thrice we ekly and ribavirin 800 1200 mg/day, as per body weight, that was, those less than 50 kg will receive 800 mg/day, 50 75 kg was received 1000 mg/kg and more than 75 kg was received 1200 mg/day. The patients were evaluated at week 4, 12 and 24 and blood was drawn for complete blood counts. Dose of the interferon and/or ribavarin was reduced for any patient in whom hemoglobin level falls on a lower floor 10 g/dL and/or neutrophil count drops below 750 cells/L and/or platelet count falls below 50,000 cells/L during the course of treatment. The therapy was discontinued in the patients in whom hemoglobin level drops below 8.5 g/dL and/or neutrophil count falls below 500 cells/L and/or platelet count falls below 30,000 cells/L. These criteria for dose reduction and drug discontinuation were in accordance with the guidelines for treatment of chronic hepatitis C. The patients who were required dose reduction or drug discontinuation during the course of treatment was excluded from the study. The final outcome was measured at week 24, when the values for hemoglobin level, neutrophil count and platelet count was recorded for each patient in the performa given in annex 1. The patient was said to have developed anemia if the hemoglobin level falls below 13 g/dL in males and less than 12 g/dL in females, neutropenia if neutrophil count drops below 1500 cells/L and thrombocytopenia if platelet count falls below 1,50,000 cells/L. Confounding variables like age, gender and body weight were controlled by stratification at the time of analysis.The collected data was study with the help of SPSS program interpretation 19.0. Frequencies and percentages were computed for presentation of qualitative variables like gender and side effects (anemia, neutropenia and thrombocytopenia). blotto Standard Deviation was computed for variables like age and body weight. Confounding variables like age, gender and body weight were controlled by stratification.RESULTA total of 228 patients with chronic hepatitis C were included in this study. Sixteen (7.02%) of the patients were excluded overdue to dose modification or discontinuation during the follow-up period. Due to anemia dose was reduced in 6 and discontinued in 4 cases, due to neutropenia dose was reduced in 3 and discontinued in 1 case and in thrombocytopenia dose was reduced in 2 cases.Mean (SD) age of patients was 39.6 (9.2) years with race = 18 50 years. Majority of cases 113 (53.3%) had age amid 20 40 years. Figure-1Gender distribution showed male preponderance (male female = 2.2 1), 145 (68.4%) were males and 67 (31.6%) were females. Figure-2 cardinal Nine (37.3%) of the patients developed significant hematological abnormalities during treatment with interferon and ribavirin. Figure-3Anemia was the most common type of hematological abnormalities developed in 41 (19.3%) cases followed by neutropenia in 33 (15.6%) cases and thrombocytopenia in 21 (9.9%) cases. Figure-4Proportions of hematological abnormali ties were equivalent in both genders. Fifty five (37.9%) were male and 24 (35.8%) were female. Figure-5Types of hematological abnormalities were also equivalent in both males and females, 29 (52.7%), 23 (41.8%) and 15 (27.3%) of males and 12 (50%), 10 (41.7%) and 6 (25%) of females developed anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia, respectively in male cases. Table-1Mean (SD) age of those patients who developed hematological side effects was 38.4 (8.6) years with range = 19 50 years. Majority of cases 56 (62.2%) had age between 20 40 years. Figure-6FIGURE-1AGE statistical distributionn = 228Mean SD = 39.6 9.2 years paradigm = 18 50 yearsFIGURE-2GENDER DISTRIBUTIONn = 228Male Female = 2.2 1FIGURE-3OVERALL hematologic SIDE EFFECTS (SE)n = 212Keys hematological side effects were evaluated in this study asAnemia = hemoglobin level 10 13 g/dL in males and 10 12 g/dL in females.Neutropenia = Neutrophil count between 750 1500 cells/L.Thrombocytopenia = Platelet count of between 5 0,000 1, 50,000 cells/L.SE = Side EffectsFIGURE-4TYPES OF HEMATOLOGICAL SIDE EFFECTS (SE)n = 212Multiple response existKeysAnemia = hemoglobin level 10 13 g/dL in males and 10 12 g/dL in females.Neutropenia = Neutrophil count between 1500 750 cells/L.Thrombocytopenia = Platelet count of between 1,50,000 50000 cells/L.SE = Side EffectsFIGURE-5OVERALL HEMATOLOGICAL SIDE EFFECTS (SE) IN GENDERn = 212Table-1TYPES OF HEMATOLOGICAL SIDE EFFECTS (SE) IN GENDERn = 212KeysAnemia = hemoglobin level 10 13 g/dL in males and 10 12 g/dL in females.Neutropenia = Neutrophil count between 750 1500 cells/L.Thrombocytopenia = Platelet count of between 50,000 150000 cells/L.FIGURE-6OVERALL HEMATOLOGICAL SIDE EFFECTS (SE) IN AGE GROUPSn = 212Mean SD = 38.4 8.6 yearsRange = 19 50 yearsDISCUSSIONThe treatment of CHC is now well established with conventional interferon or pegylated interferon in combination with ribavirin. 61 However, one of the main drawbacks of this combination therapy is the d evelopment of side effects, which can result in suboptimal dosing or discontinuation of therapy. This can limit the likelihood of SVR, since one of the determinants of SVR is adequate dose and duration of therapy, as previously discussed in this supplement. Among the side effects of combination therapy, hematologic abnormalities such as anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia have been reported to result in dose reduction and discontinuation of therapy in up to 25% and 3% of patients, respectively. 11The withdrawal rate increases with both the duration of treatment and use of combination therapy. 101 For example, therapy was stopped in 1314% of patients treated with interferon mono therapy for 48 weeks 102 compared with 1921% of patients receiving combination therapy for the same duration. The withdrawal rate for combination therapy was lower when therapy was administered for only 24 weeks (8%). 103 Mean (SD) age of patients was 39.6 (9.2) years with range = 18 50 years.In this s tudy seventy Nine, 37.3% of the patients developed significant hematological abnormalities during treatment with interferon and ribavirin and Sixteen (7.02%) of the patients were excluded due to drug modification or discontinuation during the follow-up period. A study from USA reported 38.2% of the cases developed hematological side effects during the combination therapy, a figure is similar to what is seen in this study.104 Another study conducted in Pakistan reported 92% mild to moderate hematological side effect during the combination therapy. 10In this study anemia was the most common type of hematological abnormality seen in 19.3% of cases followed by neutropenia in 15.6% and thrombocytopenia in 9.9% cases. Study from USA reported 20.6%, 22.1%, and 8.1% developed neutropenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia, respectively. 104 In another study from Pakistan, mild to modest anemia was noted in 70 % of the patients. 10 Anemia is caused both by interferon due to myeloseupression and r ibivirin causation hemolysis. 24, 25 In same study mild to moderate neutropenia was reported in 64% of cases and thrombocytopenia in 61% of patients. 10 neutropenia is one of the expected side effects of combination therapy but the risk of the serious infection is very low even with severe neutropenia. 12 Similarly in clinically practice thrombocytopenia does not pose significant problem. 11In conclusion hematologic abnormalities are common during combination antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis C. Although dose reduction or discontinuation is rotating shaft of overcome these side effects, they can adversely affect the efficacy of combination antiviral therapy. This is especially true in the cases of ribavirin induced anemia. Recent separate has led to change magnitude recognition that optimal dosing of ribavirin is a crucial determinant of viral clearance. Preliminary data suggest that hematopoietic growth factors may be useful for managing the hematologic side effects of c ombination therapy (especially anemia).CONCLUSIONThe frequency of hematological abnormalities during the treatment of chronic hepatitis C (HCV) in this study was comparable with(predicate) to those seen in certain other studies. Anemia was the most common and thrombocytopenia was the least common hematological side effect noted. The number of patients excluded from the study because of dose modification or drug discontinuation was also greatest due to anemia and least due to thrombocytopeniaACKNOWLEDGEMENTWe would like to acknowledge cleverness of Ziauddin Hospital, North Campus for helping us during the study, staff for helping in data collection and all others who have given their input.SOURCE OF FUNDINGSWe would like to thank HighQ pharmaceutical company for financially aiding the research and authors for their contribution.CONFLICT OF INTERESTThere is no conflict of interest in any term regarding the article from any authors.REFERENCEDengue Fever and Malaria in Thrombocytopen ic PatientsDengue Fever and Malaria in Thrombocytopenic PatientsFrequency of co-existence of dengue fever fever fever and malaria in thrombocytopenic patients presented with acute febrile illnessDr. Shazia Yasir (PG Emergency Medicine)*, Dr. Owais , Dr. Faisal MoinABSTRACTIntroduction Both dengue fever and malaria can present with thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia is a consistent finding in dengue fever and is regarded as a unanimous predictor of dengue fever. Thrombocytopenia is also considered criterion of disease severity, bad prognostic factor and its presence is associated with increase probability of malariaObjectives To determine frequency of co-existence of dengue fever and malaria in thrombocytopenic patients presented with acute febrile illness in tertiary care hospitalStudy Design Cross-sectional, observational study.Place and Duration of Study Department of Emergency Medicine, Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi from Ten months from April 2013 to January 2014.Meth odology A total of 159 patients meeting inclusion criteria were included in this study. 5ml of blood by venupuncture in EDTA anti-coagulant for platelet count and preparing thick and thin films and 2 ml of blood in plain bottle for sensing of dengue specific IgM was collected from all patients. cryptical films are used to identify malarial parasites and thin films to identify specie. Dengue fever was diagnosed on positive dengue IgM. Co-existence was labeled as positive if malarial parasites and dengue IgM found to be present at the same time. This diffusion susceptibility test was use to determine susceptibility of bacterial agents to antibiotics. selective information was analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS software version 19.Result Overall mean (SD) age was 38.3 (7.9) years, with Male to female ratio was 1.1 1. Co-infections (Dengue and Malaria) were diagnosed in 5 (5.6%) of cases. From 5 cases, 3 (60%) were male and 2 (40%) were female. Mean (SD) age of 5 positive c ases of co-infection was 37.8 (8.3) years.Conclusion synchronous infections were found 5.6% in this study. Although this percentage is slightly low special attention should be given to the possibility of co-infection with malaria and dengue.Key words Dengue fever, Malaria, Immunoglobulin-M (IgM), febrile illness, Thrombocytopenia _____________________________________________________________________________________________INTRODUCTIONDengue Virus is becoming an increasing health problem. Over 99% cases of viral hemorrhagic fever reported worldwide are due to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). 1 Dengue fever is cause by dengue viruses (DENVs) which are members of Flaviviridae family. 2 It has been estimated that 2.5 billion people live in areas which are at risk of epidemic transmission and over 50 million of DENV infections occur globally each year 3,4. Since we are living in region where malaria is endemic and is considered as the most common cause of fever and in general practice emp irical anti-malarial therapy is common, it is important to distinguish the two conditions due to clinical similarities and unexpected progress of dengue fever (DF) to DHF and dengue coke syndrome (DSS). 5-Department of Emergency Medicine, Ziauddin University Hospital, North Campus, Karachi* Correspondence Email emailprotectedBoth dengue fever and malaria can present with thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia is a consistent finding in dengue fever and is regarded as a strong predictor of dengue fever. 6 Thrombocytopenia is also considered criterion of disease severity, bad prognostic factor and its presence is associated with increase probability of malaria 7, 8In a local study Ali et.al showed that Out of 11 patients diagnosed as having dengue fever on serology 9 (81.8%) also had co-existence of malaria and thrombocytopenia was present in 90% of such patients. 5 Out of 11 DENV positive patients three patients died and first DENV positive patients who died was prescribed anti-malarial by general practitioner in outdoor. 5 On autopsy plasmodium falciparum rings were found in blood and DENV IgM was detected in serum samples 5Due to clinical similarities in two conditions and possibility of extensive mosquito exposure, high co-existence of both conditions cannot be excluded. 5 This study aims to determine frequency of co-existing dengue fever and malaria in thrombocytopenic patients presenting with acute febrile illness so that magnitude of the condition could be assessed. The findings could be used to plan that all patients with acute febrile illness with thrombocytopenia must be screened for dengue fever without delay.METHODOLOGYThis study was carried out at the department of emergency medicine, Ziauddin University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Patients of either gender with more than 12 years of age presenting to Ziauddin Hospital Karachi with acute febrile illness and found to have thrombocytopenia were included in the study while patients known to have disease causing thrombocytopenia e.g. systemic lupus erythematous, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and patients with other causes of acute febrile illness such as pneumonia, meningitis, enteric fever etc. diagnosed on blood culture, chest X-ray impassiveness C/S, urine D/R were excluded from the study.A total of 159 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria were included in the study. 5ml of blood by venupuncture in EDTA anti-coagulant for platelet count and preparing thick and thin films and 2 ml of blood in plain bottle for detection of dengue specific IgM was collected from all patients. Thick films are used to identify malarial parasites and thin films to identify specie. Dengue fever was diagnosed on positive dengue IgM. To minimize bias all specimen was sent to single central laboratory of the hospital. A proforma especially designed for the study was used to documents findings such as paients age, gender, name, malaria parasite, dengue IgM by the researcher. Co-existence was labele d as positive if malarial parasites and dengue IgM found to be present at the same time.Data was entered in computer and analyzed by SPSS version 19.0 frequency and percentages were calculated for categorical variables such as gender, co-existing dengue fever and malaria. Mean standard deviation was calculated for numerical variables like age. Stratification was done in terms of age and gender to see the effect of that on outcome.RESULTDuring the study, a total of 159 cases with thrombocytopenia of age 12 years were included. From 159 cases, 82 (51.6%) were male and 77 (48.4%) were female. (Figure-1)Mean (SD) age of 159 cases was 38.3 (7.9) years with range = 15 53 years. Majority 66 (41.5%) of cases had age between 30 44 years. (Figure-2)Out of 159 thrombocytopenic cases presented with acute febrile illness, malaria was diagnosed in 55 (34.6%) cases. (Figure-3)Dengue fever was diagnosed on positive dengue IgM. Out of 159 cases, 34 (21.4%) of cases were diagnosed as dengue. (Figu re-4)Co-infections (Dengue and Malaria) were diagnosed in 5 (5.6%) cases. (Figure-5)Out of 5 positive cases of co-infection, 3 (60%) were male and 2 (40%) were female. Mean (SD) age of 5 positive cases of co-infection was 37.8 (8.3) years with range = 15 52 years. Majority 3 (60%) of cases had age between 30 44 years. (Figure-6)DISCUSSIONDespite a wide overlap between malaria and dengue endemic areas, make reports of co-infections are scarce in the literature. Malaria and dengue must be suspected in febrile patients living in or returning from areas endemic for these infections.The check mark of malaria is rapid, and after malaria is confirmed, dengue is usually ruled out without screening for it. Two methods can confirm dengue dengue-specific IgM sero-conversion or detection of dengue virus particles during the acute phase (day 0 to day 4 after onset of fever) by RT-PCR, which is faster and more specific. In published case reports, 9 12 the diagnosis of dengue infection is usu ally made based on positive dengue IgM however, this cannot confirm recent dengue, because IgM can persist for months and cross-react with other arboviruses. 13 If RT-PCR requires a specific laboratory and cannot be performed on site, a new test, the Platelia, is now easily included in any laboratory and is indicated particularly for early-acute phase samples. 14 To study the frequency of dengue and malaria co-infection, the Platelia test should be used in all cases of dengue-like or malaria-like syndrome, even when malaria diagnosis was positive, in regions where both infections may overlap.Both dengue fever and malaria can present with thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia is a consistent finding in dengue fever and is regarded as a strong predictor of dengue fever. 6 Thrombocytopenia is also considered criterion of disease severity, bad prognostic factor and its presence is associated with increase probability of malaria. 7, 8Mixed infections with many etiologic agents are not unco mmon in malaria. 15 Despite scant data, dengue and malaria coinfection should be common in areas where both diseases are co-endemic in many places of the world. 16 In a study regarding diagnostic techniques and management of dengue and malaria co-infection, all patients with dual infection presented prolonged fever for more than seven days, myalgia, bleeding manifestations, rash and anemia. 17 Moreover, according to Vasconcelos et al, the continuous fever caused by arboviral infection can mask the periodic fever associated with malarial parasites. 18Out of 159 thrombocytopenic cases presented with acute febrile illness, malaria was diagnosed in 55 (34.6%) cases while 34 (21.4%) of cases were diagnosed as dengue.Of the 89 patients of dengue and malaria in this study, 5.6% had concurrent dengue and malaria. This percentage is relatively high as compared with other international studies. A study from France reported that 1% concurrent dengue and malaria. 19 Another study from Brazil re ported 1.8% concurrent dengue and malaria. 20Very high percentage was found in a local study Ali et.al showed that Out of 11 patients diagnosed as having dengue fever on serology 9 (81.8%) also had co-existence of malaria and thrombocytopenia was present in 90% of such patients. 5In this study from 9 positive cases of co-infection, 3 (60%) were male and 2 (40%) were female. Mean (SD) age of positive cases of co-infection was 37.8 (8.3) years.Although a reduced sample number was assessed in this study, a limitation that we acknowledge, it is important to remember that dengue and malaria co-infection requires special attention because delayed diagnosis and appropriated treatment can result in fatal complications. 16, 21 Both diseases causes similar symptoms and simultaneous infections with two different infectious agents may result in overlapped symptoms, 22 diagnosis of malaria and dengue based purely on clinical grounds may become difficult for physicians 16 and it is possible that either clinical spectrum of the disease or treatment may also be affected. 23 Finally, it is important to remember that both diseases have similar clinical findings, thus the diagnosis could be made concomitantly for dengue and malaria in patients living or returning from areas where both diseases are endemic or during dengue outbreaks.CONCLUSIONConcurrent infections were found 5.7% in this study. 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